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This digital edition copyright © 1995 by Joseph H. Peterson. All rights reserved.
Translated by L. H. Mills (from Sacred Books of the East, American
Edition, 1898) except as noted. Notes in square brackets [] were added by JHP.
Introduction.1(In the name of God) |
Notes: 1. This chapter is not included in Mills ed. Translation of y0.4-6 is from Dhalla, Niyashes, pp. 9 ff. They are in the Old Avestan ("Gathic" dialect. = Y11.17 = Ny1.3 = Ny2.3.) |
1. Ashem Vohu
(1 & 3). |
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2. To Fire, the son of Ahura Mazda. To you, O Fire, son of Ahura Mazda. With propitiation, for worship, adoration, propitiation, and praise. |
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3. 'Yatha Ahu Vairyo', the zaotar should say to me Ashem Vohu ...(3). |
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4. I praise good thoughts, good words, and good deeds and those that are to be thought, spoken, and done. I do accept all good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. I do renounce all evil thoughts, evil words, and evil deeds. |
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5. I proffer to you, O Amesha Spentas, sacrifice and prayer, with thought, with word, with deed, with [my] being, with the very life of my body. |
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6. I praise Asha. |
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7. [=y1.23 = y3.24 = y14.4 = y27.12 = y62.12.] |
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8. .... |
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9. [=y22.24 = y24.29.] |
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10. [=y22.25 = y24.30.] |
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11. [=y22.26 = y24.31.] |
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12. [=y24.32.] |
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13. .... |
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15. [=y27.13.] |
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1. |
(Adapted from Mills.) |
1. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the creator Ahura
Mazda, the radiant and glorious, the greatest and the best, the most
beautiful (?) (to our conceptions), the most firm, the wisest, and the
one of all whose body is the most perfect, who attains His ends the most
infallibly, because of his Asha, to him who disposes our minds aright,
who sends His joy-creating grace afar; who made us, and has fashioned
us, and who has nourished and protected us, who is the most bounteous
Spirit! |
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2. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) to Vohu Mano, and to the
Highest Asha, and to Khshathra Vairya, and to Spenta Armaiti, and to the
two, the Haurvatat and Ameretat, to the body of the Kine, and to the
Kine's Soul, and to the Fire of Ahura Mazda, that one who more than
(all) the Amesha Spentas has made most effort (for our succor)! |
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3. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for Asnya, the masters of
Asha, to Hawan, Asha-sanctified, master of Asha; and I celebrate, and I
carry out (this Yasna) for Savanghi and for Visya, Asha-sanctified,
master(s) of Asha. |
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4. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for Rapithwin, the
Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and for Fradat-fshu, and for Zangtuma,
the holy master(s) of Asha; and I celebrate and carry out (this Yasna)
to Asha the Best, and to the Fire of Ahura Mazda. |
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5. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for Uzerin the
Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and for Fradat-vira and Dakhyuma, the
Asha-sanctified master(s) of Asha, and for that lofty Ahura Napat-apam
(the son of waters), and for the waters which Ahura Mazda made. |
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6. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for Aiwisruthrem (and)
Aibigaya, the Asha-sanctified master(s) of Asha, and for the
Zarathushtrotema, and for him who possesses and who gives that
prosperity in life which furthers all. And I celebrate and carry out
(this Yasna) for the fravashis of the saints, and for those of the women
who have many sons ['Men and herds?'], and for a prosperous home life
which continues without reverse throughout the year, and for that Might
which is well-shaped and stately ['Well-grown'], which strikes
victoriously, Ahura-made, and for that Victorious Ascendency (which it
secures). |
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7. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for Ushahin, the
Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and for Berejya (and) Nmanya, the
Asha-sanctified master(s) of Asha, and for Sraosha, companion of Ashi,
possessing rewards, victorious, who furthers the world, and the very
straight Rashnu and Arshtad, who further the world, who augment the
world. |
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8. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the Mahya, the monthly
festivals, masters of Asha, for the new and the later [Literally, 'the
moon within,' showing little light.] moon, the Asha-sanctified master of
Asha, and for the full moon which scatters night. |
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9. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the Yairya, yearly
feasts, the Asha-sanctified masters of Asha. I celebrate and carry out
(this Yasna) for Maidyozarem, the Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and
for Maidyoshahem, the Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and for
Paitishahem, and for Ayathrem the advancer, and the spender of the
strength of males, the Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and for
Maidyarem, the Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and for Hamaspathmaidyem,
the Asha-sanctified master of Asha; yea, I celebrate and carry out this
Yasna for the seasons, masters of Asha. |
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10. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for all those who are the
thirty three masters of Asha, which, coming the nearest, are around
about Hawan, and which (as in their festivals) were instituted by Ahura
Mazda, and were promulgated by Zarathushtra, as the masters of Asha
Vahishta. |
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11. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the two, for Ahura
and Mithra, the lofty, and the everlasting, and the Asha-sanctified, and
for all the stars which are Spenta Mainyu's creatures, and for the star
Tishtrya, the resplendent and glorious, and for the Moon which contains
the seed of the Kine, and for the resplendent Sun, the swift-horsed, the
eye of Ahura Mazda, and for Mithra the province ruler. And I celebrate
and carry out this Yasna for Ahura Mazda (once again, and as to him who
rules the month), the radiant, the glorious, and for the Fravashis of
the saints. |
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12. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for you, o Fire, son of
Ahura Mazda, together with all the fires, and for the good waters, even
for all the waters made by Mazda, and for all the plants which Mazda
made. |
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13. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the Bounteous
Manthra, the Asha-sanctified and effective, the revelation given against
the Daevas; the Zoroastrian revelation, and for the long descent ['The
long tradition;' so Spiegel.] of the good Mazdayasnian Faith. |
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14. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the mountain
Ushi-darena, the Mazda-made, with its sacred brilliance, and for all the
mountains glorious with sanctity [Observe the impossibility of the
meaning 'comfort,' or mere 'well-being' here.], with their abundant
Glory Mazda-made, and for that majestic Glory Mazda-made, the unconsumed
[Or possibly 'the unseized,' the Pahlavi agrift(?); Ner. agrihitam;
hvar, to eat, may have meant 'seize' originally.] Glory which Mazda
made. And I announce and carry out (this Yasna) for Ashi the good, the
blessedness (of the reward), and for Chisti, the good religious
Knowledge, for the good Erethe (Rectitude?), and for the good Rasastat
(persisting zeal?), and to the Glory and the Benefit which are
Mazda-made. |
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15. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the pious and good
Blessing of the religious man, the Asha-sanctified, and for the curse of
wisdom, the swift and redoubted Yazad of potency (to blight). |
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16. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for these places and these lands, and for these pastures, and these abodes with their springs of water(?)2, and for the waters, land, and plants, and for this earth and for yon heaven, and for the Asha-sanctified wind, and for the stars, moon, and sun, and for the eternal stars without beginning, and self-disposing, and for all the Asha-sanctified creatures of Spenta Mainyu, male and female, the regulators of Asha. |
2. The Pahlavi with its afkhvar points here perhaps to
a better text. Recall awzhdatemja, awzhdaungho, awrem.
[Bailey, xxxviii (avO-xvarena): "hay-rack, manger"] |
17. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for that lofty lord who
is the Asha (itself), and for the masters of the days in their duration,
and of the days during daylight, for the moons, the years, and the
seasons which are masters of Asha at the time of Hawan. |
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18. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for the fravashis of the
saints, the redoubted, which overwhelm (the evil), for those of the
saints of the ancient lore, for those of the next of kin, and for the
fravashi of (my) own soul! |
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19. I announce (and) carry out (this Yasna) for all the masters of Asha, and for all the yazads, the beneficent, who dispose (of all) aright, for those both heavenly and earthly, who are (meet) for our sacrifice and homage because of Asha Vahishta3. |
3. Hum2 118 (Yazata%ibyO ... YOi he#ti YasnyAja VahmyAja aCAT haja YaT VahictAT): "the Yazatas who are worthy of worship and worthy of glorification in accordance with best truth" |
20. O Hawan, Asha-sanctified master of Asha, and Savanghi, Rapithwin,
and Uzerin, and Aiwisruthrem, (and) Aibigaya, (you who aids life!) if I
have offended you, and you, o Ushahin, Asha-sanctified master of Asha!
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21. If I have offended you, whether by thought, or word, or deed,
whether by act of will, or without intent or wish, I earnestly make up
the deficiency of this in praise to you. If I have caused decrease in
that which is your Yasna, and your homage, I announce (and carry out) to
you (the more for this)! |
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22. Yea, all ye masters, the greatest ones, Asha-sanctified masters
of Asha, if I have offended you by thought, or word, or deed, whether
with my will, or without intending error, I praise you (now the more)
for this. I announce to you (the more) if I have caused decrease in this
which is your Yasna, and your praise. |
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23. I would confess myself a Mazda-worshipper, of Zarathushtra's
order, a foe to the Daevas, devoted to the lore of Ahura, for Hawan, the
Asha-sanctified master of Asha, for (his) sacrifice, homage,
propitiation, and praise, for Savanghi and for Visya, the
Asha-sanctified master of Asha, for (his) sacrifice, homage,
propitiation and praise, and for the sacrifice, homage, propitiation and
praise of the masters of the days in their duration, and of the days
during daylight, for those of the monthly festivals, and for those of
the yearly ones, and for those of the seasons! |
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2. |
(Adapted from Mills.) |
1. I desire the libations [Zaothras] for this Yasna; I desire the
Baresman for this Yasna. I desire the Baresman for this Yasna; I desire
the libations for this Yasna. I desire the libations together with
Baresman for this Yasna; I desire the Baresman together with the
libations for this Yasna. With this libation I desire this Baresman for
this Yasna. With this Baresman I desire this libation for this Yasna.
This Baresman with the libation I desire for this Yasna. I desire for
this Yasna this Baresman with this libation and with its kusti, and
spread with Asha. |
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2. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Ashawan Ahura Mazdah, the master of Asha. I desire for this Yasna the
well-ruling, judicious Amesha Spentas. |
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3. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Asnya, the master of Asha. I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Hawan, the master of Asha. I desire for this Yasna the
Savanghi and the Asha-sanctified Visya, the master of Asha. With this
libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna Mithra of the wide
pastures, of the thousand ears, of the ten-thousand eyes, the Yazad of
the spoken name. I desire for this Yasna Raman Khwastra. |
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4. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Rapithwin, the master of Asha. I desire for this Yasna
the Fradat-fshav and the Asha-sanctified Zantuma, the master of Asha.
With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna Asha Vahishta
and Atar, the Son of Ahura Mazda. |
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5. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Uzerin, the master of Asha. I desire for this Yasna the
Fradat-vira and the Asha-sanctified Dahyuma, the master of Asha. With
this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the high Lord, the
kingly and brilliant Apam-Napat, of swift-horses, and likewise the
water, Mazda-made and holy. |
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6. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Aiwisruthrem Aibigaya the master of Asha. I desire for
this Yasna the Fradat-vispam-hujyatay and the Asha-sanctified
Zarathushtro-tema, the master of Asha. |
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7. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Ushahina, the master of Asha. I desire for this Yasna
the Berejya and the Asha-sanctified Nmanya, the master of Asha. |
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8. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Mahya (Monthly festivals), the master of Asha. I desire
for this Yasna the Asha-sanctified Antaremah, the master of Asha. |
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9. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
Asha-sanctified Yairya (Yearly festivals), the master of Asha. |
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10. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna all of
the masters of Asha, the thirty-three who come the nearest round about
our Hawans, who are masters of Asha Vahishta, which were inculcated by
Mazda, and spoken forth by Zarathushtra. |
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11. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna Ahura
(and) Mithra, the lofty, eternal, and Asha-sanctified two. |
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12. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna you, the
Asha-sanctified Atar, the Son of Ahura Mazda, the master of Asha, with
all Fires. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
good, best, Mazda-made, Asha-sanctified Water. I desire for this Yasna
all the Mazda-made Asha-sanctified Waters. I desire for this Yasna all
the Mazda-made, Asha-sanctified Plants. |
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13. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the
bounteous Manthra, the most glorious. I desire for this Yasna the law
instituted against the Daevas. I desire for this Yasna the Zoroastrian
law. I desire for this Yasna the long tradition. I desire for this Yasna
the good Mazdayasnian Religion. |
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14. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna Mount
Ushi-darena, Mazda-made, the Yazad possessing the ease of Asha. I desire
for this Yasna all mountains possessed of ease of Asha, full of ease2,
Mazda-made, Asha-sanctified, the masters of Asha. |
2. Bailey 18 (VIsp@ garayO aCa-qA+r@ pouru-qA+r@): "All the mountains possessed of easeful life, abounding therein." |
15. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna the pious
and good Blessing. I desire for this Yasna the pious, Asha-sanctified
Man, and I desire for this Yasna the strong, brave Yazad Damoish
Upamana. |
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16. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna these
Waters and Lands and Plants; I desire for this Yasna these places,
districts, and pastures, and these dwellings with their springs of
water, and this land-ruler, who is Ahura Mazda. |
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17. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna all the
greatest masters: the day-lords, the month-lords, those of the years,
and of the seasons, and the good, mighty, beneficent Fravashis of the
Asha-sanctified. |
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18. With this libation and Baresman I desire for this Yasna all the
Asha-sanctified Yazatas. I desire for this Yasna all the masters of
Asha: Hawan at his time, and Savanghi and Visya at their times, and all
the greatest masters at their times. |
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3.THE YASNA ADVANCES TO THE NAMING OF THE OBJECTS OF PROPITIATION. |
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1. With a Baresman brought to its appointed place accompanied with
the Zaothra at the time of Hawan, I desire to approach the
Myazda-offering with my praise, as it is consumed, and likewise Ameretat
(as the guardian of plants and wood) and Haurvatat (who guards the
water), with the (fresh) meat1, for the propitiation of Ahura
Mazda, and of the Bountiful Immortals, and for the propitiation of
Sraosha (who is Obedience) the blessed, who is endowed with sanctity,
and who smites with the blow of victory, and causes the settlements to
advance. |
1. Hum 93: "with reverence I fetch integrity and immortality, and (the flesh of) the munificent cow, (to serve as) repast (and) sacrificial food" |
2. And I desire to approach Haoma and Para-haoma with my praise for
the propitiation of the Fravashi of Spitama Zarathushtra, the saint. And
I desire to approach the (sacred) wood with my praise, with the perfume,
for the propitiation of thee, the Fire, O Ahura Mazda's son! |
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3. And I desire to approach the Haomas with my praise for the
propitiation of the good waters which Mazda created; and I desire to
approach the Haoma-water, and the fresh milk with my praise, and the
plant Hadhanaepata, offered with sanctity for the propitiation of the
waters which are Mazda-made. |
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4. And I desire to approach this Baresman with the Zaothra with my
praise, with its binding and spread with sanctity for the propitiation
of the Bountiful Immortals. And I desire with (?) my voice the thoughts
well thought, and the words well spoken, and the deeds well done, and
the recital of the Gathas as they are heard. And I desire to approach
the well-said Mathras with my praise, and this (higher) lordship with
this sanctity, and this exact regulation (of the Ratu), and the
reverential prayer for blessings (spoken at the fitting hour); and I
desire to approach them for the contentment and propitiation of the holy
Yazads, heavenly and earthly, and for the contentment of each man's
soul. |
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5.2 And I desire to approach the Asnya with my praise, the
lords of the ritual order, and the Havani and Savanghi and Visya, the
holy lords of the ritual order. And I desire to approach with the Yasht
of Mithra of the wide pastures, of the thousand ears, of the myriad
eyes, the Yazad of the spoken name, and with him Raman Hvastra. |
2. y3.5-19 = y22.5-19. |
6. And I desire to approach Rapithwina with my praise, the holy lord
of the ritual order, and Fradat-fshu and Zantuma, and Righteousness the
Best, and Ahura Mazda's Fire. |
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7. And I desire to approach Uzayeirina, and Fradat-vira, and Dahvyuma
with my praise, with that lofty Ahura Napt-apam, and the waters
Mazda-made, |
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8. And Aiwisruthrima, and Aibigaya, and Fradat-vispam-hujaiti, and
Zarathushtrotema with the Yasht of the Fravashis of the saints, and of
the women who have many sons, and the year long unchanged prosperity,
and of Might, the well-shaped and stately, smiting victoriously,
Ahura-made and of the Victorious Ascendency (which it secures). |
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9. And I desire to approach Ushahina, Berejya, and Nmanya with the
Yasht of Sraosha (Obedience) the sacred, the holy, who smites with the
blow of victory, and makes the settlements advance, and with that of
Rashnu, the most just, and Arshtat who furthers the settlements, and
causes them to increase. |
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10. And I desire to approach the monthly festivals, the lords of the
ritual order, and the new moon and the waning moon, and the full moon
which scatters night, |
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11. And the yearly festivals, Maidhyo-zaremaya, Maidhyo-shema,
Paitishahya, and Ayathrima the breeder who spends the strength of males,
and Maidhyairya, and Hamaspathmaedhaya, and the seasons, lords of the
ritual order, (12) and all those lords who are the three and thirty, who
approach the nearest at the time of Havani, who are the Lords of Asha
called Vahishta (and whose services were) inculcated by Mazda, and
pronounced by Zarathushtra, as the feasts of Righteousness, the Best.
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13. And I desire to approach Ahura and Mithra, the lofty and
imperishable two, the holy, and with the Yasht of those stars which are
the creatures of Spenta Mainyu, and with the Yasht of the star Tistrya,
the radiant, the glorious, and with that of the moon which contains the
seed of cattle, and with that of the resplendent sun, the eye of Ahura
Mazda, and of Mithra, province-lord of the provinces, and with that of
Ahura Mazda (as He rules this day) the radiant, the glorious, and with
that of the Fravashis of the saints, (who rule this month), |
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14. And with thy Yasht, the Fire's, O Ahura Mazda's son! with all the
fires, and to the good waters with the Yasht of all the waters which are
Mazda-made, and with that of all the plants which Mazda made. |
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15. And I desire to approach with the Yasht of the Mathra Spenta, the
holy, the effective, the law composed against the Daevas, the
Zarathushtrian, and with that of the long descent of the Religion which
Mazda gave. |
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16. And I desire to approach with the Yasht of Mount Ushi-darena,
Mazda-made, and of all, glorious with sanctity, and abundant in
brilliance, and with that of the Kingly Glory, Mazda-made; yea, with
that of the unconsumed glory which Mazda made, and with that of Ashi
Vanguhi, and Chishti Vanguhi, and with that of the good Erethe, and the
good Rasastat, and the good Glory, and of the Benefit which Mazda gave.
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17. And I desire to approach with the Yasht of the good and pious
Blessing of the pious man and of the saint, and with that of the awful
and swift Curse of the wise, the Yazad-curse, (18) and to these places,
regions, pastures, and abodes, with their water-springs, and with that
of the waters, and the lands, and the plants, and with that of this
earth and yon heaven, and with that of the holy wind and of the stars,
moon, and sun, and with that of the stars without beginning,
self-determined and self-moved, and with that of all the holy creatures
which are those of Spenta Mainyu, male and female, regulators of the
ritual order, (19) and with that of the lofty lord who is Righteousness
(himself, the essence of the ritual), and with that of the days in their
duration, and of the days during daylight, and with that of the monthly
festivals, and the yearly festivals, and with those of the several
seasons which are lords of the ritual at the time of Havani. |
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20. And I desire to approach the meat-offering with a Yasht, and
Haurvatat (who guards the water), and Ameretatat (who guards the plants
and wood), with the Yasht of the sacred flesh for the propitiation of
Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed and the mighty, whose body is the
Mathra, of him of the daring spear, the lordly, the Yazad of the spoken
name. |
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21. And I desire to approach both Haoma and the Haoma-juice with a
Yasht for the propitiation of the Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama, the
saint, the Yazad of the spoken name. And I desire to approach the
wood-billets with a Yasht, with the perfume for the propitiation of
thee, the Fire, O Ahura Mazda's son! the Yazad of the spoken name. |
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22. And I desire to approach with a Yasht for the mighty Fravashis of
the saints, the overwhelming, the Fravashis of those who held to the
ancient lore, and of those of the next of kin. |
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23. And I desire to approach toward all the lords of the ritual order
with a Yasht, toward all the good Yazads, heavenly and earthly, who are
(set) for worship and for praise because of Asha Vahishta (of
Righteousness the Best). |
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24. I will confess myself a Mazdayasnian, of Zarathushtra's order, a
foe to the Daevas, devoted to the lore of the Lord for Havani, the holy
lord of the ritual order, for sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and for
praise, and for Savanghi and Visya, the holy lord(s) of the ritual
order, and for the sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and praise of the
day-lords of the days in their duration, and of the days during
daylight, and for the month-regulators, and the year-regulators, and for
those of the (several) seasons, for their sacrifice, and homage, their
propitiation, and their praise. |
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4.THE OFFERING TAKES PLACE. |
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1. These good thoughts, good words, and good deeds, these Haomas,
meat-offerings, and Zaothras, this Baresman spread with sanctity, this
flesh, and the two, Haurvatat (who guards the water) and Ameretatat (who
guards the plants and wood), even the flesh, the Haoma and Haoma-juice,
the wood-billets, and their perfume, this sacred lordship and
chieftainship, and the timely prayer with blessing, and the heard
recital of the Gathas, and the well-said Mathras, these all we offer,
and make known with celebrations (here)1. |
1. Hum2 131 (ima humatAja hUxtAja hvarctAja ... pairi dademahI Aja Va%DayamahI): "these (our) well-thought (thoughts) etc. we offer and dedicate;" |
2. Yea, these do we announce with celebrations, and we present them
to Ahura Mazda2, and to Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, and
to the Bountiful Immortals, and to the Fravashis of the saints, and to
their souls, and to the Fire of Ahura Mazda, the lofty lord of the
entire creation of the holy, for sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and
praise. |
2. Hum2 131 (AaT dIc Ava%DayamahI ahurAija mazdAi): "thus, we dedicate them to Ahura Mazda" |
3. Yea, further, we present (them to the Bountiful Immortals with an
especial gift) these thoughts well thought, these words well spoken,
these deeds well done, these Haomas, Myazdas, Zaothras, and this
Baresman spread with sanctity, the flesh, and Haurvatat (who guards the
water), and Ameretatat (who guards the plants and wood), even the flesh,
Haoma and Parahaoma, the wood-billets, the perfume, and this their
lordship and their sanctity, and this chieftainship, this prayer for
blessing, the heard recital of the Gathas, and the well-said Mathras.
|
|
4. We offer with our celebrations, and we announce them (of a verity)
to the Bountiful Immortals, those who exercise their rule aright, and
who dispose (of all) aright, the ever-living, ever-helpful, the male
divinities among their number who dwell with the Good Mind, [and the
female ones as well]. |
|
5. And we announce them in our celebrations as more propitious for
this house, and for the furtherance of this house, of its herds, and of
its men3, of those now born, and of those yet to be born, the
holy, yea, for the furtherance of that house of which these (men) are
thus. |
3. Hum2 172 (frada+Ai ... pasv&mja nar&mja): "to promote cattle and men" |
6. And we present these offerings to the good Fravashis of the saints
who are mighty and overwhelming for the succor of the saints. |
|
7. Yea, we present these hereby to the Creator Ahura Mazda, the
radiant, the glorious, and the heavenly spirit, for the sacrifice,
homage, propitiation, and praise of the Bountiful Immortals (all). |
|
8. And we present these hereby to the Day-lords of the ritual order,
to Havani, to Savanghi, and to Visya, the holy lords of the ritual
order, for sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and for praise, and to
Mithra of the wide pastures, and the thousand ears, and the myriad eyes,
the Yazad of the spoken name, |
|
9. And to Rapithwina, Fradat-fshu, and Zantuma, the holy lords of the
ritual order, and to Righteousness the Best, and to Ahura Mazda's Fire,
|
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10. And to Uzayeirina, Fradat-vira, and Dahvyuma, the holy lords of
the ritual order, and to that lofty lord Napat-apam, and to the water
Mazda-made, |
|
11. And to Aiwisruthrima, the life-furtherer, and to
Fradat-vispam-hujyaiti and Zarathushtrotema, the holy lords of the
ritual order, and to the Fravashis of the saints, and to the women who
bring forth many sons, and to the Prosperous home-life which endures
without reverse throughout the year, and to Force, well-shaped and
stately, and to the Blow of victory which Mazda gives, and to the
Victorious Ascendency which it secures, for their sacrifice, homage,
their propitiation, and their praise, |
|
12. And to Ushahina, with Berejya and Nmanya, and Sraosha (Obedience)
the blessed, smiting with the blow of victory and furthering the
settlements, and to Rashnu, the most just, and to Arstat, furthering the
settlements, and causing them to increase. |
|
13. And these we announce and we present hereby to the Month-lords of
the ritual order, to the new moon and the waning moon (the moon within),
and to the full moon which scatters night, the holy lord of the ritual
order, for (their) sacrifice, homage, their propitiation, and their
praise. |
|
14. And these we announce hereby and we present to the Yearly
festivals, to Maidhyo-zaremaya, Maidhyo-shema, Patishahya, and to
Ayathrima, to Maidhyairya, Hamaspathmaedhaya, and to the Seasons as holy
lords of the ritual order, for sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and for
praise. |
|
15. And these we announce and we present hereby to all those lords
who are the three and thirty lords of the ritual order, who approach the
nearest around about our Havani, and which are the festivals of
Righteousness the Best, inculcated by Mazda, and uttered forth by
Zarathushtra for their sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and praise.
|
|
16. And these we announce and we present to Ahura and to Mithra, the
lofty, and imperishable, and holy two, to the stars, the creatures of
Spenta Mainyu, and to the star Tistrya, the radiant, the glorious, and
to the Moon which contains the seed of cattle, and to the resplendent
Sun, of the swift horses, Ahura Mazda's eye, and to Mithra, the lord of
provinces, for their sacrifice, homage, their propitiation and their
praise; yea, these we present hereby to Ahura Mazda (as he rules this
day) and to the Fravashis of the saints (as they rule this month), for
their sacrifice, homage, their propitiation and their praise. |
|
17. And these we announce hereby to thee, the Fire, O Ahura Mazda's
son! with all the fires for thy sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and
praise, and to the good waters for the sacrifice, homage, propitiation,
and praise of all the waters Mazda-made, and to all the plants which
Mazda made, |
|
18. And to the Mathra Spenta, the holy, the effective, the law
against the Daevas, the Zarathushtrian statute, and to the long descent
of the good Mazdayasnian religion. |
|
19. And these we announce and we present hereby to Mount Ushi-darena,
Mazda-made, brilliant with sanctity, and to all the mountains shining
with their holiness, abundantly luminous, and Mazda-made, and to the
Kingly glory, the unconsumed glory Mazda-made, and to the good
Blessedness, and the good Religious-knowledge, and the good Rectitude,
and to the good Rasastat, and to the Glory and the Benefit which Mazda
created. |
|
20. And these we offer and present to the pious and good Blessing of
the pious, and to the swift and dreadful Yazad, the Curse of wisdom.
|
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21. And to these places, pastures, and dwellings with their springs
of water, their rivers, to the lands and to the plants, to this earth
and yon heaven, to the holy wind, to the stars, moon, and sun, to the
stars without beginning, self-disposed, and to all the holy creatures of
the Spenta Mainyu, male and female (the rulers as they are of the ritual
order). |
|
22. And these we announce and we present hereby to that lofty lord
who is Asha, the ritual righteousness itself, to the Day-lords, and the
Month-lords, the Year-lords, and the Seasons who are the lords of the
ritual at the time of Havani, and for their sacrifice, homage, their
propitiation and their praise. |
|
23. Yea, these we announce and we present to Sraosha, the blessed and
mighty, whose body is the Mathra, him of the daring spear, the lordly
one, and to the holy Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama, the saint. |
|
24. And these we announce and we present to the Fravashis of the
saints, the mighty and overwhelming, of the saints of the ancient lore,
and of the next of kin. |
|
25. And these we announce and we present hereby to all the good
Yazads, earthly and heavenly, who are (meet) for sacrifice, homage,
propitiation, and for praise, because of Asha Vahishta (who is
Righteousness the Best). |
|
26. And that one of beings (do we worship) whose superior (service)
in the sacrifice Ahura Mazda knows, and from his righteousness (which he
maintains, and those of all female beings do we worship) whose (higher
service is thus likewise known; yea, all) male and female beings do we
worship (who are such)!4 |
4. This prayer is known as the Yenghe Hatam. It is one of the three holiest prayers, and is in the Old Avesta dialect (aka 'Gathic'). Boyce (Textual Sources, p. 57) translates it thus: Those Beings, male and female, whom Lord Mazda knows the best for worship according to truth, we worship them all. |
5. |
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(This chapter is identical with Yasna 37. ) 6.THE SACRIFICE CONTINUES WITH FULLER EXPRESSION |
||
1. We worship the Creator Ahura Mazda with our sacrifice, and the
Bountiful Immortals who rule aright, and who dispose of all aright.
|
||
2. And we worship the Asnya with our sacrifice, and Havani, Savanghi
and Visya, the holy lords of the ritual order, and Mithra of the wide
pastures, of the thousand ears, and myriad eyes, the Yazad of the spoken
name, and we worship Raman Hvastra. |
||
3. And we worship Rapithwina with our sacrifice, and Fradat-fshu, and
the Zantuma, and Righteousness the Best, and the Fire, Ahura Mazda's
son, holy lords of the ritual order. |
||
4. And we worship Uzayeirina, and Fradat-vira, and Dahvyuma*, the
holy lord of the ritual order, and that kingly Ahura, the radiant
Napat-apam, of the fleet horses, and the water holy, and Mazda-made.
|
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5. And we worship Aiwisruthrima and Aibigaya in our sacrifice, the
holy lord of the ritual order, and Fradat-vispam-hujyaiti and the
Zarathushtrotema, the holy lord of the ritual order, and the good,
heroic, bountiful Fravashis of the saints, and the women who bring forth
many sons, and the Prosperous home-life which endures without reverse
throughout the year, and Force which is well-shaped and stately, and the
Blow which brings the victory, which is Ahura-given, and the Victorious
Ascendency (which it secures). |
||
6. And we worship Ushahina with our sacrifice, and Berejya, and
Nmanya, and Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed and the stately who smites
with victory, and makes the settlements advance, and Rashnu, the most
just, and Arshtat who makes the settlements advance and causes them to
increase, the holy lords of the ritual order. |
||
7. And we worship the Mahya in our sacrifice, the new moon and the
waning moon (the moon within) and the full moon which scatters night,
the holy lord of the ritual order. |
||
8. And we worship the Yearly festivals in our sacrifice,
Maidhya-zaremaya, Maidhyo-shema, Paitishhahya, and Ayathrima, the
furtherer (or breeder), the spender of virile strength, and Maidhyairya,
the holy lord of the ritual order, and Hamaspathmaedhaya, and the
Seasons (in which they are). |
||
9. And we worship with our sacrifice all the lords of the ritual
order, who are the thirty and three who approach the nearest around
about us at Havani, who are the lords of Righteousness the Best, and
whose observances were inculcated by Ahura Mazda, and uttered forth by
Zarathushtra. |
||
10. And we worship Ahura and Mithra with our sacrifice, the lofty,
and imperishable, and holy two, and the stars, moon, and sun, among the
plants of the Baresman, and Mithra, the province-lord of all the
provinces, even Ahura Mazda, the radiant, the glorious, and the good,
valiant, and bountiful Fravashis of the saints. |
||
11. And we worship thee, the Fire, Ahura Mazda's son, together with
all the fires, and the good waters, the best and Mazda-made, and holy,
even all the waters which are Mazda-made and holy, and all the plants
which Mazda made. |
||
12. And we worship the Mathra Spenta with our sacrifice, the glorious
and of a truth, the law revealed against the Daevas, the Zarathushtrian
law, and we worship with our sacrifice its long descent, and the good
Mazdayasnian Religion. |
||
13. And we worship Mount Ushi-darena, the Mazda-made, the glorious
Yazad, shining with holiness, and all the mountains that shine with
holiness, with abundant brilliance, Mazda-made, the holy lords of the
ritual order. And we worship the mighty Kingly glory Mazda-made, the
mighty glory, unconsumed and Mazda-made, and the good Sanctity, the
brilliant, the lofty, the powerful and the stately, delivering (men)
with its inherent power. Yea, we worship the Glory, and the Benefit
which are Mazda-made. |
||
14. And we worship the pious and good Blessing with our sacrifice,
and the pious man, the saint, and that Yazad, the mighty Curse of
wisdom. |
||
15. And we worship these waters, lands, and plants, these places,
districts, pastures, and abodes with their springs of water, and we
worship this lord of the district with our sacrifice, who is Ahura Mazda
(Himself). |
||
16. And we worship all the greatest lords, the Day-lords in the day's
duration, and the Day-lords during daylight, and the Month-lords, and
the Year-lords. |
||
17. And we worship Haurvatat (who guards the water) and Ameretatat
(who guards the plants and the wood), and Sraosha (Obedience) the
blessed and the stately, who smites with the blow of victory, and makes
the settlements advance, the holy lord of the ritual order. |
||
18. And we worship Haoma with our sacrifice and the Haoma-juice. And
we worship the sacred Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama the saint. |
||
19. And we worship the good, heroic, bountiful Fravashis of the
saints. |
||
20. And we worship all the holy Yazads, and all the lords of the
ritual order at the time of Havani, and Savanghi, and all the greatest
lords at their (proper) time. (The Yenhe hatam follows.) |
||
21. The Ratu. As an Ahu (revered and) to be chosen, the priest speaks
forth to me. The Zaotar. So let the Ratu from his Righteousness, holy
and learned, speak forth! |
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7.PRESENTATION OF OFFERINGS BY THE PRIEST WITH THE OBJECT OF PROPITIATION NAMED. |
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1. With a complete and sacred offering [Ashi] I offer and I give this meat-offering, and (with it) Haurvatat (who guards the water), and Ameretatat (who guards the plants and the wood), and the flesh of the Kine of blessed gift1, for the propitiation of Ahura Mazda, and of the Bountiful Immortals (all, and) for the propitiation of Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, endowed with sanctity, who smites with the blow of victory, and who causes the settlements to advance. |
1. Hum 93: "truthfully I offer integrity and immortality and (the flesh of) the munificent cow"; Hum2 98 (daD&mi qare+em myazdem haurvata ameretAta gAuc hud@): "as sacrificial repast and food I offer integrity [water], immortality [plants], and the munificent cow [flesh]" | |
2. And I offer the Haoma and Haoma-juice with a complete and sacred
offering for the propitiation of the Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama
the saint, and I offer the wood-billets with the perfume for Thy
propitiation, the Fire's, O Ahura Mazda's son! |
||
3. And I offer the Haomas with a complete and sacred offering for
propitiation [to the good waters] for the good waters Mazda-made. And I
offer this Haoma-water with scrupulous exactness and with sanctity, and
this fresh milk, and the plant Hadhanaepata uplifted with a complete and
sacred offering for the propitiation of the waters which are Mazda-made.
|
||
4. And I offer this Baresman with its Zaothra (and with its binding)
for a girdle spread with complete sanctity and order for the
propitiation of the Bountiful Immortals, and I offer with my voice the
thoughts well-thought, the words well-spoken, and the deeds well-done,
and the heard recital of the Gathas, the Mathras well-composed and
well-delivered, and this Lordship, and this Sanctity, and this ritual
mastership, and the timely Prayer for blessings, with a complete and
sacred offering for the propitiation of the holy Yazads, heavenly and
earthly, and for the contentment of the individual soul! |
||
5. And I offer to the Asnya with a complete and sacred offering, as
lords of the ritual order, and to Havani, and to Savanghi and Visya,
holy lords of the ritual order, and to Mithra of the wide pastures, of
the thousand ears, and myriad eyes, the Yazad of the spoken name, and to
Raman Hvastra. |
||
6. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to Rapithwina, the
holy lord of the ritual order; and I offer to Fradat-fshu and to the
Zantuma, and to Asha Vahishta (who is Righteousness the Best) and to
Ahura Mazda's Fire. |
||
7. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to Uzayeirina,
Fradat-vira, and to the Dahvyuma*, the holy lord of the ritual order,
and to that lofty Ahura Napat-apam, and to the waters which Mazda
created. |
||
8. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to Aiwisruthrima,
the life-furtherer, and to Fradat-vispam-hujyaiti, and to the
Zarathushtrotema, and to the Fravashis of the saints, and to the women
who have many sons, and to the Prosperous home-life which endures
(without reverse) throughout the year, and to Force, the well-shaped and
stately, and to the Blow which smites with victory Ahura-given, and to
the Victorious Ascendency (which it secures). |
||
9. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to Ushahina, the
holy lord of the ritual order, and to Berejya, and Nmanya, and to
Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, endowed with sanctity, who smites with
the blow of victory, and makes the settlements advance, and to Rashnu
the most just, and to Arshtat who furthers the settlements and causes
them to increase. |
||
10. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to the Mahya,
lords of the ritual order, to the new and the waning moon (the moon
within), and to the full moon which scatters night, holy lords of the
ritual order. |
||
11. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to the Yearly
festivals, the lords of the ritual order, to Maidhyo-zaremaya, and
Maidhyo-shema, to Paitishahya, and to Ayathrima the furtherer (the
breeder), the spender of the strength of males, and to Maidhyairya and
Hamaspathmaedhaya, holy lords of the ritual order, and I offer with
sanctity to the several seasons, the lords of the ritual order. |
||
12. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to all those
lords who are the thirty and three, who approach the nearest round about
our Havani, and who are the lords of Asha (the ritual by-eminence), of
Righteousness who is (the Best), whose observances are inculcated as
precepts by Mazda, and uttered forth by Zarathushtra. 13. And I offer
with a complete and sacred offering to Ahura and Mithra, the lofty and
imperishable, and holy two, and to the stars which are the creatures of
Spenta Mainyu, and to the star Tishtrya, the radiant, the glorious, and
to the Moon which contains the seed of cattle in its beams, and to the
resplendent Sun of the fleet horses, the eye of Ahura Mazda, and to
Mithra, the lord of the provinces. And I offer with a complete and
sacred offering to Ahura Mazda, the resplendent, the glorious, (who
rules this day), and to the Fravashis of the saints (who name the
month). |
||
14. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to thee, the
Fire, O Ahura Mazda's son! together with all the fires, and to the good
waters, even to the waters which are Mazda-made, and to all the plants
which Mazda made. |
||
15. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to the Mathra
Spenta, the holy, the effective, revealed against the Daevas, the
Zarathushtrian law, and to the long descent of the good Religion, of the
Mazdayasnian faith. |
||
16. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to Mount
Ushi-darena, the Mazda-made, brilliant with holiness, and to all the
mountains shining with holiness, of abundant brightness, and which Mazda
made, and to the Royal glory unconsumed and Mazda-made. And I offer with
a complete and sacred offering to Ashi Vanguhi, and to Chishti Vanguhi,
and to Erethe, and to Rasastat, and to the Glory (and the) Benefit which
Mazda made. |
||
17. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to the good and
pious Prayer for blessings of the pious man, and to that Yazad, the
swift and dreadful Curse of the wise. |
||
18. And I offer with a complete and sacred blessing to these places,
districts, pastures, and abodes with their springs of water, and to the
waters and the lands, and the plants, and to this earth and yon heaven,
and to the holy wind, and to the stars, and the moon, even to the stars
without beginning (to their course), the self-appointed, and to all the
holy creatures of Spenta Mainyu, be they male or female, regulators (as
they are) of the ritual order. |
||
19. And I offer with a complete and sacred blessing to that lofty
lord who is Righteousness (the Best) and the Day-lords, the lords of the
days during their duration, and to those of the days during daylight,
and to the Month-lords, and the Year-lords, and to those of the seasons,
the lords who are lords of the ritual, and at the time of Havani. |
||
20. And I offer the Myazda meat-offering with a complete and sacred
offering, and Haurvatat (who guards the water), and Ameretatat (who
guards the wood), and the flesh of the Kine of blessed gift, for the
propitiation of Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, whose body is the
Mathra, him of the daring spear, the lordly, the Yazad of the spoken
name. |
||
21. And I offer the Haoma and the Haoma-juice for the propitiation of
the Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama the saint, the Yazad of the spoken
name. |
||
22. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to the Fravashis
of the saints, the mighty and overwhelming, to those of the saints of
the ancient lore, and to those of the next of kin. |
||
23. And I offer with a complete and sacred offering to all the lords
of the ritual order, and to all the good Yazads heavenly and earthly who
are (meet) for sacrifice and homage because of Asha who is Vahishta (of
Righteousness who is the Best). |
||
24. May that approach to us, and with a sacred blessing (O Lord!)
whose benefits the offerers are seeking for. Thy praisers and
Mathra-speakers, O Ahura Mazda! may we be named; we desire it, and such
may we be. What reward, O Ahura Mazda! adapted to myself Thou hast
appointed unto souls, |
||
25. Of this do Thou Thyself bestow upon us for this world and for
that of mind; (yea, do Thou bestow) so much of this as that we may
attain to Thy ruling protection and to that of Righteousness for ever.
|
||
26. We sacrifice to the Ahuna-vairya and to the veracious word
correctly uttered, and to the good and pious prayer for blessings, and
to the dreadful curse of the wise, the Yazad, and to Haurvatat and
Ameretatat, and to the flesh of the Kine of blessed gift, and to the
Haoma and Haoma-juice, and to the wood-billets, and the perfume, for the
praise of the pious and good prayer for blessings. |
||
(The Yenghe hatam:)27. (To that one) of beings do we sacrifice whose superior (fidelity) in the sacrifice Ahura Mazda knows through his Righteousness (within him, yea, even to those female saints do we sacrifice) whose (superior sanctity is thus known. We sacrifice to all) both males and females whose (superiority is such). (The Ratu speaks.) As an Ahu (revered and) to be chosen, he who is
the Zaotar speaks forth to me. |
||
8.OFFERING OF THE MEAT-OFFERING IN PARTICULAR. THE FAITHFUL PARTAKE. |
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1. A blessing is Righteousness (called) the Best. |
||
2. (The Ratu speaks.) Eat, O ye men, of this Myazda, the
meat-offering, ye who have deserved it by your righteousness and
correctness. |
||
3. O ye Bountiful Immortals, and thou, the Mazdayasnian law, ye just men and just women, and ye Zaothras, whoever among these Mazdayasnians would call himself a Mazdayasnian desiring to live in the practice of the liberality of Righteousness [for by sorcery the settlements of Righteousness are ruined], do ye cause (such an one) to be (still further) taught1, (ye), who are the waters, the plants, and the Zaothras! |
1. Hum2 159 (mazdayasnO aoJanO aCah= rA+ma JIctayamnO): "pretending to be a Mazdayasnian (but) *hating (those who are) *dependent on truth" | |
4. And whoever of these Mazdayasnians, adults, when he invokes with
earnestness, does not adhere to these words, and (so) speaks, he
approaches to that (word) of the magician; (but, as against that
magician's word) 'a blessing is Righteousness (called) the Best.' |
||
5. May'st Thou, O Ahura Mazda! reign at Thy will, and with a saving rule over Thine own creatures, and render Ye the holy (man) also a sovereign at his will over waters, and over plants, and over all the clean and sacred (creatures) which contain the seed of Righteousness. Strip ye the wicked of all power!2 |
2. Hum2 90 (xCayamnem aCavanem dAyata axCayamnem drva#tem): "cause You the truthful one to be in control (of himself), the deceitful one not to be in control (of himself)" | |
6. Absolute in power may the holy be, bereft of all free choice the wicked ! Gone (may he be), met as foe, carried out from the creatures of Spenta Mainyu, hemmed in without power over any wish! |
||
7. I will incite, even I who am Zarathushtra, the heads of the houses, villages, Zantus, and provinces, to the careful following of this Religion which is that of Ahura, and according to Zarathushtra, in their thoughts, their words, and their deeds.3 |
3. Hum2 183 (haxCaya ... fratem& ... ai*h@ da%nay@ anumataya%ja anuxtaya%ja anuvarctaya%ja): "I would spur on the authorities ... to follow this religion with thoughts, word, and actions" | |
8. I pray for the freedom and glory of the entire existence of the
holy (man) while I bless it, and I pray for the repression and shame of
the entire existence of the wicked. |
||
9. Ashem Vohu ... (3). |
||
Propitiation to Haoma who brings righteousness (to us) for sacrifice,
homage, propitiation, and for praise. (The Zaotar?) As the Ahu to be
(revered and) chosen, the Zaotar speaks forth to me. (The Ratu.) As an
Ahu to be (revered and) chosen, the Zaotar speaks forth to me. (The
Zaotar.) So let the Ratu from his Righteousness, holy and learned, speak
forth! THE HOM YASHT |
||
9. |
||
1. At the hour of Havani, Haoma came to Zarathushtra, as he served the (sacred) Fire, and sanctified (its flame), while he sang aloud the Gathas. And Zarathushtra asked him: Who art thou, O honorable one1! who art of all the incarnate world the most beautiful in Thine own body of those whom I have, seen, (thou) glorious [immortal]? |
1. So Hum2 138; Mills has 'O man'. | |
2. Thereupon gave Haoma answer, the holy one who driveth death afar:
I am, O Zarathushtra Haoma, the holy and driving death afar; pray to me,
O Spitama, prepare me for the taste. Praise me so that also the other
Saoshyants [benefactors] may praise me2. |
2. So Hum2 74. Mills reads. 'Praise toward me in (Thy) praises as the other [Saoshyants] praise.' | |
3. Thereupon spake Zarathushtra: Unto Haoma be the praise. What man,
O Haoma! first prepared thee for the corporeal world? What award3
was offered him? what gain did he acquire? |
3. (ashish) Mills relates Ashi to Asha and reads 'blessedness'. | |
4. Thereupon did Haoma answer me, he the holy one, and driving death
afar: Vivanghvant was the first of men who prepared me for the incarnate
world. This award4 was offered him; this gain did he acquire,
that to him was born a son who was Yima, called the brilliant, (he of
the many flocks, the most glorious of those yet born, the sunlike-one of
men), that he made from his authority both herds and people free from
dying, both plants and waters free from drought, and men could eat
inexhaustible5 food. |
4. Mills: 'blessedness'. 5. So Malandra, Mills reads 'imperishable'. |
|
5. In the reign of brave6 Yima was there neither cold nor
heat, there was neither age nor death, nor envy demon-made. Like
teenagers7 walked the two forth, son and father, in their
stature and their form, so long as Yima, son of Vivanghvant ruled, he of
the many herds! |
6. (Yimahe xshathre aurvahe) So Malandra, Mills reads
'swift of motion'. Wolff reads 'Herrschaft' (cf B542). 7. Mills: 'fifteen-yearlings'. |
|
6. Who was the second man, O Haoma! who prepared thee for the
corporeal world? What award8 was offered him? what gain did
he acquire? |
8. Mills: 'sanctity'. | |
7. Thereupon gave Haoma answer, he the holy one, and driving death
afar: Athwya was the second who prepared-me for the corporeal world.
This award9 was given him, this gain did he acquire, that to
him a son was born, Thraetaona of the mighty clan10, |
9. Mills: 'blessedness'. 10. (vîsô sûrayau) Following Gershevitch. Mills reads 'heroic tribe'. Malandra reads 'mighty house'. |
|
8. Who smote Azhi Dahaka11, three-jawed and triple-headed,
six-eyed, with thousand perceptions12, and of mighty
strength, a lie-demon [druj] of the Daevas, evil for our settlements,
and wicked, whom the evil spirit Angra Mainyu made as the most mighty
Druj [against the corporeal world], and for the murder of (our)
settlements, and to slay the (homes) of Asha! |
11. Mills: 'the dragon Dahaka'. 12. (hazanrâ-yaoxshtîm) Mills: 'thousand powers'. |
|
9. Who was the third man, O Haoma! who prepared thee for the
corporeal world? What award13 was given him? what gain did he
acquire? |
13. Mills: 'blessedness'. | |
10. Thereupon gave Haoma answer, the holy one, and driving death
afar: Thrita, [the most helpful of the Samids], was the third man who
prepared me for the corporeal world. This award was given him, this gain
did he acquire, that to him two son were born, Urvakhshaya and
Keresaspa, the one a judge confirming order, the other a youth of great
ascendant, curly-haired14, bludgeon-bearing. |
14. Mills: 'blessedness'. 15. Mills: 'ringlet-headed'. |
|
11. He who smote the horny dragon swallowing men, and swallowing horses, poisonous, and green of color over which, as thick as thumbs are, greenish poison flowed aside, on whose back once Keresaspa cooked his meat in iron caldron at the noonday meal; and the deadly, scorched, upstarted, and springing off, dashed out the water as it boiled. Headlong fled affrighted manly-minded Keresaspa. 12. Who was the fourth man who prepared thee, O Haoma! for the corporeal world? What blessedness was given him? what gain did he acquire? 13. Thereupon gave Haoma answer, he the holy, and driving death afar: Pourushaspa was the fourth man who prepared me for the corporeal world. This blessedness was given him, this gain did he acquire, that thou, O Zarathushtra! wast born to him, the just, in Pourushaspa's house, the Daeva's foe, the friend of Mazda's lore, (14) famed in Airyana Vaejah; and thou, O Zarathushtra! didst recite the first the Ahuna-vairya, four times intoning it, and with verses kept apart [(Pazand) each time with louder and still louder voice]. 15. And thou didst cause, O Zarathushtra! all the demon-gods to vanish in the ground who aforetime flew about this earth in human shape (and power. This hast thou done), thou who hast been the strongest, and the staunchest, the most active, and the swiftest, and (in every deed) the most victorious in the two spirits' world. 16. Thereupon spake Zarathushtra: Praise to Haoma. Good is Haoma, and the well-endowed, exact and righteous in its nature, and good inherently, and healing, beautiful of form, and good in deed, and most successful in its working, golden-hued, with bending sprouts. As it is the best for drinking, so (through its sacred stimulus) is it the most nutritious for the soul. 17. I make my claim on thee, O yellow one! for inspiration. I make my claim on thee for strength; I make my claim on thee for victory; I make my claim on thee for health and healing (when healing is my need); I make my claim on thee for progress and increased prosperity, and vigor of the entire frame, and for understanding, of each adorning kind, and for this, that I may have free course among our settlements, having power where I will, overwhelming angry malice, and a conqueror of lies. 18. Yea, I make my claim on thee that I may overwhelm the angry hate of haters, of the Daevas and of mortals, of the sorcerers and sirens, of the tyrants, and the Kavis, of the Karpans, murderous bipeds, of the sanctity-destroyers, the profane apostate bipeds, of the wolves four-footed monsters, of the invading host, wide-fronted, which with stratagems advance. 19. This first blessing I beseech of thee, O Haoma, thou that drivest
death afar! I beseech of thee for (heaven), the best life of the saints,
the radiant, all-glorious. 20. This fourth blessing I beseech of thee, O Haoma, thou that
drivest death afar! that I may stand forth on this earth with desires
gained, and powerful, receiving satisfaction, overwhelming the assaults
of hate, and conquering the lie. 21. This sixth blessing I ask of thee, O Haoma, thou that drivest death afar! that we may get good warning of the thief, good warning of the murderer, see first the bludgeon-bearer, get first sight of the wolf. May no one whichsoever get first the sight of us. In the strife with each may we be they who get the first alarm! 22. Haoma grants to racers who would run a course with span both
speed and bottom (in their horses). Haoma grants to women come to bed
with child a brilliant offspring and a righteous line. 23. Haoma grants to those long maidens, who sit at home unwed, good husbands, and that as soon as asked, he Haoma, the well-minded. 24. Haoma lowered Keresani, dethroned him from his throne, for he grew so fond of power, that he treacherously said: No priest behind (and watching) shall walk the lands for me, as a counselor to prosper them, he would rob everything of progress, he would crush the growth of all! 25. Hail to thee, O Haoma, who hast power as thou wilt, and by thine inborn strength! Hail to thee, thou art well-versed in many sayings, and true and holy words. Hail to thee for thou dost ask no wily questions, but questionest direct. 26. Forth hath Mazda borne to thee, the star-bespangled girdle, the
spirit-made, the ancient one, the Mazdayasnian Faith. 27. O Haoma, thou house-lord, and thou clan-lord, thou tribe-lord, and chieftain of the land, and thou successful learned teacher, for aggressive strength I speak to thee, for that which smites with victory, and for my body's saving, and for manifold delight! 28. Bear off from us the torment and the malice of the hateful.
Divert the angry foe's intent! 29. Let not the man who harms us, mind or body, have power to go forth on both his legs, or hold with both his hands, or see with both his eyes, not the land (beneath his feet), or the herd before his face. 30. At the aroused and fearful Dragon, green, and belching forth his
poison, for the righteous saint that perishes, yellow Haoma, hurl thy
mace! 31. Against the wicked human tyrant, hurling weapons at the head, for
the righteous saint that perishes, yellow Haoma, hurl thy mace! 32. Against the body of the harlot, with her magic minds o'erthrowing
with (intoxicating) pleasures, to the lusts her person offering, whose
mind as vapor wavers as it flies before the wind, for the righteous
saint that perishes, yellow Haoma, hurl thy mace! |
||
10. |
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1. Let the Demon-gods and Goddesses fly far away from hence, and let the good Sraosha make here his home! [And may the good Blessedness here likewise dwell], and may she here spread delight and peace within this house, Ahura's, which is sanctified by Haoma, bringing righteousness (to all). 2. At the first force of thy pressure, O intelligent! I praise thee with my voice, while I grasp at first thy shoots. At thy next pressure, O intelligent! I praise thee with my voice, when as with full force of a man I crush thee down. 3. I praise the cloud that waters thee, and the rains which make thee grow on the summits of the mountains; and I praise thy lofty mountains where the Haoma branches spread. 4. This wide earth do I praise, expanded far (with paths), the productive, the full bearing, thy mother, holy plant! Yea, I praise the lands where thou dost grow, sweet-scented, swiftly spreading, the good growth of the Lord. O Haoma, thou growest on the mountains, apart on many paths, and there still may'st thou flourish. The springs of Righteousness most verily thou art, (and the fountains of the ritual find their source in thee)! 5. Grow (then) because I pray to thee on all thy stems and branches, in all thy shoots (and tendrils) increase thou through my word! 6. Haoma grows while he is praised, and the man who praises him is therewith more victorious. The lightest pressure of thee, Haoma, thy feeblest praise, the slightest tasting of thy juice, avails to the thousand-smiting of the Daevas. 7. Wasting doth vanish from that house, and-with it foulness, whither in verity they bear thee, and where thy praise in truth is sung, the drink of Haoma, famed, health-bringing (as thou art). [(Pazand) to his village and abode they bear him.] 8. All other toxicants go hand in hand with Rapine of the bloody
spear, but Haoma's stirring power goes hand in hand with friendship.
[Light is the drunkenness of Haoma (Pazand).] 9. Of all the healing virtues, Haoma, whereby thou art a healer, grant me some. Of all the victorious powers, whereby thou art a victor, grant me some. A faithful praiser will I be to thee, O Haoma, and a faithful praiser (is) a better (thing) than Righteousness the Best; so hath the Lord, declaring (it), decreed. 10. Swift and wise hath the well-skilled Deity created thee; swift and wise on high Haraiti did He, the well-skilled, plant thee. 11. And taught (by implanted instinct) on every side, the bounteous birds have carried thee to the Peaks-above-the-eagles, to the mount's extremest summit, to the gorges and abysses, to the heights of many pathways, to the snow-peaks ever whitened. 12. There, Haoma, on the ranges dost thou grow of many kinds. Now thou growest of milky whiteness, and now thou growest golden; and forth thine healing liquors flow for the inspiring of the pious. So terrify away from me the (death's) aim of the curser. So terrify and crush his thought who stands as my maligner. 13. Praise be to thee, O Haoma, (for he makes the poor man's thoughts as great as any of the richest whomsoever.) Praise be to Haoma, (for he makes the poor man's thoughts as great as when mind reacheth culmination.) With manifold retainers dost thou, O Haoma, endow the man who drinks thee mixed with milk; yea, more prosperous thou makest him, and more endowed with mind. 14. Do not vanish from me suddenly like milk-drops in the rain; let thine exhilarations go forth ever vigorous and fresh; and let them come to me with strong effect. Before thee, holy Haoma, thou bearer of the ritual truth, and around thee would I cast this body, a body which (as all) may see (is fit for gift and) grown. 15. I renounce with vehemence the murderous woman's emptiness, the Jaini's, hers, with intellect dethroned. She vainly thinks to foil us, and would beguile both Fire-priest and Haoma; but she herself, deceived therein, shall perish. And when she sits at home, and wrongly eats of Haoma's offering, priest's mother will that never make her, nor give her holy sons! 16. To five do I belong, to five others do I not; of the good thought
am I, of the evil am I not; of the good word am I, of the evil am I not;
of the good deed am I, and of the evil, not. 17. Thereupon spake Zarathushtra: Praise to Haoma, Mazda-made. Good is Haoma, Mazda-made. All the plants of Haoma praise I, on the heights of lofty mountains, in the gorges of the valleys, in the clefts (of sundered hill-sides) cut for the bundles bound by women. From the silver cup I pour Thee to the golden chalice over. Let me not thy (sacred) liquor spill to earth, of precious cost. 18. These are thy Gathas, holy Haoma, these thy songs, and these thy teachings, and these thy truthful ritual words, health-imparting, victory-giving, from harmful hatred healing giving. 19. These and thou art mine, and forth let thine exhilarations flow; bright and sparkling let them hold on their (steadfast) way; for light are thine exhilaration(s), and flying lightly come they here. Victory-giving smiteth Haoma, victory-giving is it worshipped; with this Gathic word we praise it. 20. Praise to the Kine; praise and victory (be) spoken to her! Food for the Kine, and pasture! 'For the Kine let thrift use toil; yield thou us food.' 21. We worship the yellow lofty one; we worship Haoma who causes
progress, who makes the settlements advance; we worship Haoma who drives
death afar; yea, we worship all the Haoma plants. And we worship (their)
blessedness, and the Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama, the saint. 11.PRELUDE TO THE HAOMA-OFFERING. |
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1. Three clean creatures (full of blessings) curse betimes while yet invoking, the cow, the horse, and then Haoma. The cow cries to her driver thus: Childless be thou, shorn of offspring evil-famed, and slander-followed, who foddered fairly dost not use me, but fattenest me for wife or children, and for thy niggard selfish meal. 2. The horse cries to his rider thus: Be not spanner of the racers; stretch no coursers to full-speed; do not stride across the fleetest, thou, who dost not pray me swiftness in the meeting thick with numbers, in the circuit thronged with men. 3. Haoma speaks his drinker thus: Childless be thou, shorn of offspring, evil-famed, and slander-followed, who holdest me from full outpouring, as a robber, skulls in-crushing. No head-smiter am I ever, holy Haoma, far from death. 4. Forth my father gave an offering, tongue and left eye chose Ahura, set apart for Haoma's meal. 5. Who this offering would deny me, eats himself, or prays it from me, this which Mazda gave to bless me, tongue with left eye (as my portion). 6. In his house is born no fire-priest, warrior ne'er in chariot standing, never more the thrifty tiller. In his home be born Dahakas, Murakas of evil practice, doing deeds of double nature. 7. Quick, cut off then Haoma's portion, gift of flesh for doughty Haoma! Heed lest Haoma bind thee fettered, as he bound the fell Turanian Frangrasyan (the murderous robber) fast in iron close-surrounded in the mid-third of this earth! 8. Thereupon spake Zarathushtra: Praise to Haoma made by Mazda, good is Haoma Mazda-made. 9. Who to us is one hereupon to thee (becomes) two, to be made to three, for the five-making of the four, for the seven-making of the sixth, who are your nine in the decade (?), who serve you and with zeal. 10. To thee, O holy Haoma! bearer of the ritual sanctity, I offer this my person which is seen (by all to be) mature, (and fit for gift); to Haoma the effective do I offer it, and to the sacred exhilaration which he bestows; and do thou grant to me (for this), O holy Haoma! thou that drivest death afar, (Heaven) the best world of the saints, shining, all brilliant. 11. (The Ashem Vohu, &c.) 12-15. May'st Thou rule at Thy will, O Lord....(Repeat Y8.5-7)! 16. I confess myself a Mazdayasnian of Zarathushtra's order. 17. I celebrate my praises for good thoughts, good words, and good
deeds for my thoughts, my speeches, and (my) actions. With chanting
praises I present all good thoughts, good words, and good deeds, and
with rejection I repudiate all evil thoughts, and words, and deeds. 18.
Here I give to you, O ye Bountiful Immortals! sacrifice and homage with
the mind, with words, deeds, and my entire person; yea, (I offer) to you
the flesh of my very body (as your own). And I praise Righteousness. A
blessing is Righteousness (called) the Best, &c. |
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12. The Zoroastrian Creed. |
Translation of this chapter by Joseph H Peterson, copyright © 1997 by
Joseph H. Peterson. All rights reserved.
This creed probably dates to the earliest days of the faith, but seems to have undergone some linguistic shift and subsequent recasting in the Old Avestan dialect. It was probably intended to be recited before an open assembly. See discussion in Boyce, Zoroastrianism - Its Antiquity and Constant Vigour, (Costa Mesa, Mazda Pub, 1992, p. 84 and 104 ff). The last phrase of verse 7, plus all of verses 8 and 9, are incorporated into the daily Kusti ritual. |
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1. I curse the Daevas. 2. I choose the good Spenta Armaiti for myself; let her be mine. I renounce the theft and robbery of the cow, and the damaging and plundering of the Mazdayasnian settlements. 3. I want freedom of movement and freedom of dwelling for those with homesteads, to those who dwell upon this earth with their cattle. With reverence for Asha, and (offerings) offered up, I vow this: I shall nevermore damage or plunder the Mazdayasnian settlements, even if I have to risk life and limb. 4. I reject the authority of the Daevas, the wicked, no-good, lawless, evil-knowing, the most druj-like of beings, the foulest of beings, the most damaging of beings. I reject the Daevas and their comrades, I reject the demons (yatu) and their comrades; I reject any who harm beings. I reject them with my thoughts, words, and deeds. I reject them publicly. Even as I reject the head (authorities), so too do I reject the hostile followers of the druj. 5. As Ahura Mazda taught Zarathushtra at all discussions, at all meetings, at which Mazda and Zarathushtra conversed; 6. as Ahura Mazda taught Zarathushtra at all discussions, at all meetings, at which Mazda and Zarathushtra conversed — even as Zarathushtra rejected the authority of the Daevas, so I also reject, as Mazda-worshipper and supporter of Zarathushtra, the authority of the Daevas, even as he, the Asha-endowed Zarathushtra, has rejected them. 7. As the belief of the waters, the belief of the plants, the belief
of the well-made (Original) Cow; as the belief of Ahura Mazda who
created the cow and the Asha-endowed Man; as the belief of Zarathushtra,
the belief of Kavi Vishtaspa, the belief of both Frashaostra and
Jamaspa; as the belief of each of the Saoshyants (saviors) — fulfilling
destiny and Asha-endowed — 8. I profess myself a Mazda-worshipper, a Zoroastrian, having vowed it and professed it. I pledge myself to the well-thought thought, I pledge myself to the well-spoken word, I pledge myself to the well-done action. 9. I pledge myself to the Mazdayasnian religion, which causes the
attack to be put off and weapons put down; [which upholds
khvaetvadatha], Asha-endowed; which of all religions that exist or shall
be, is the greatest, the best, and the most beautiful: Ahuric,
Zoroastrian. I ascribe all good to Ahura Mazda. This is the creed of the
Mazdayasnian religion. |
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13. |
INVOCATIONS AND DEDICATIONS. |
|
1. I address (my invocation to) Ahura Mazda. And I invoke (among
guardian beings) the chief of the house-lord, and the chief of the
Vis-lord, and the chief of the Zantu-lord. And I invoke the chief of the
province-lord. And the chief of women I invoke, the Mazdayasnian Faith,
the blessed and good Parendi, her who is the holy one of human-kind. And
I invoke this (holy) earth which bears us. |
||
2. And I invoke the friendly and most helpful person's lord, the Fire
of Ahura Mazda, and also the most energetic lords of holy men, those who
are most strenuous in their care of cattle and the fields, and the chief
of the thrifty tiller of the earth. And I invoke the steady settler of
sanctity, (and) the chief of the charioteer. |
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3. And I invoke the chief of the fire-priest by means of the most
imposing sciences of the Mazdayasnian Faith. And I invoke the chief of
the Atharvan, and his pupils I invoke; yea, the lords of each of them. I
invoke these lords, and I summon the Bountiful Immortals here, and the
Prophets who shall serve us, the wisest as they are, the most scrupulous
in their exactness (as) they utter words (of doctrine and of service),
the most devoted (to their duties likewise), and the most glorious in
their thoughts(?). And I invoke the most imposing forces of the
Mazdayasnian Faith, and the fire-priests I invoke, and the charioteers,
the warriors, and the thrifty tillers of the soil. |
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4. And to You, O Ye Bountiful Immortals! Ye who rule aright, and
dispose (of all) aright, I offer the flesh of my very frame, and all the
blessings of my life. Thus the two spirits thought, thus they spoke, and thus they did;
|
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5. And therefore as Thou, O Ahura Mazda! didst think, speak, dispose,
and do all things good (for us), so to Thee would we give, so would we
assign to Thee our homage; so would we worship Thee with our sacrifices.
So would we bow before Thee with these gifts, and so direct our prayers
to Thee with confessions of our debt. |
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6. By the kinship of the good kindred, by that of Righteousness the
good (Thy righteous servant's nature) would we approach Thee, and by
that of the good thrift-law, and of Piety the good. |
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7. And we would worship the Fravashi of the Kine of blessed gift, and
that of the holy Gaya Mareyan [Gayomard], and we would worship the holy
Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama, the saint. Yea, that one of beings do
we worship whose better (service) in the sacrifice Ahura Mazda knows;
(even those women do we worship) whose (better service thus is known).
Yea, both (holy) men and women (do we worship whom Ahura Mazda knows). |
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8. We worship the Ahuna-vairya; and we worship Asha Vahishta the
best(?), the bountiful Immortal. And we sacrifice to the Ha fraoreti,
even to the confession and laudation of the Mazdayasnian Faith! |
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14. |
DEDICATIONS. | |
1. I will come to You, O Ye Bountiful Immortals! as a praiser and a
priest, and an invoker and sacrificer, as a memorizing reciter and a
chanter, for Your sacrifice and homage, which are to be offered to You,
the Bountiful Immortals, and for our dedication and sanctification;
(yea, for ours) who are the holy prophets (destined to benefit the
saints). |
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2. And to You, O Ye Bountiful Immortals! would I dedicate the flesh
of my very body, and all the blessings of a prospered life. |
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3. In this Zaothra with this Baresman, I desire to approach the holy
Yazads with my praise, and all the holy lords of the ritual order at
their times, Havani at his time, and Savanghi and Visya at their times.
4. I confess myself a Mazdayasnian, and of Zarathushtra's order. |
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5. The Zaotar speaks: As an Ahu (revered and) chosen, the Zaotar (?)
speaks forth to me (?). |
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15. |
THE SACRIFICE CONTINUES. | |
1. With precept, praise, and with delight produced by grace, I call
upon the Bountiful Immortals the good, and also therewith the beautiful
by name; and I sacrifice to them with the blessing of the good ritual,
with the earnest blessings of the good Mazdayasnian Faith. |
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2. Whose best gift from his Righteousness is mine in the offering
Ahura this knoweth; who have lived, and live ever, by their names these
I worship, while I draw near with praises. The Good Kingdom is to be
chosen, that lot which most of all bears on (our blessings). |
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3. Let Sraosha (Obedience) be here present for the sacrifice of Ahura
Mazda, the most beneficent, the holy, who is so dear to us as at the
first, so at the last; yea, let him be present here. |
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4. As the Ahu (revered and) to be chosen, the Atarevakhsha thus
speaks forth to me. |
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16. |
THE SACRIFICE CONTINUES WITH INCREASED FULLNESS OF EXPRESSION. | |
1. We worship Ahura Mazda, the holy lord of the ritual order, who
disposes (all) aright, the greatest Yazad, who is also the most
beneficent, and the one who causes the settlements to advance, the
creator of good creatures; yea, we worship Him with these offered
Zaothras and with truthfully and scrupulously delivered words; and we
worship every holy Yazad of the heaven (as well)! |
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2. And we worship Zarathushtra Spitama in our sacrifice, the holy
lord of the ritual order with these Zaothras and with faithfully
delivered words; and we worship every holy earthly Yazad as we worship
him; and we worship also the Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama, the
saint. And we worship the utterances of Zarathushtra and his religion,
his faith and his lore. |
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3. And we worship the former religions of the world devoted to
Righteousness which were instituted at the creation, the holy religions
of the Creator Ahura Mazda, the resplendent and glorious. And we worship
Vohu Manah (the Good Mind), and Asha Vahishta (who is Righteousness the
Best), and Khshathra-vairya, the Kingdom to be desired, and the good and
bountiful Armaiti (true piety in the believers), and Haurvatat and
Ameretat (our Weal and Immortality). |
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4. Yea, we worship the Creator Ahura Mazda and the Fire, Ahura
Mazda's son, and the good waters which are Mazda-made and holy, and the
resplendent sun of the swift horses, and the moon with the seed of
cattle (in his beams); and we worship the star Tishtrya, the lustrous
and glorious; and we worship the soul of the Kine of blessed endowment,
(5) and its Creator Ahura Mazda; and we worship Mithra of the wide
pastures, and Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, and Rashnu the most just,
and the good, heroic, bountiful Fravashis of the saints, and the
Blow-of-victory Ahura-given (as it is). And we worship Raman Hvastra,
and the bounteous Wind of blessed gift, (6) and (its) Creator Ahura
Mazda, and the good Mazdayasnian Religion, and the good Blessedness and
Arshtat. |
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7. And we worship the glorious works of Righteousness in which the
souls of the dead find satisfaction and delight [(Pazand) which are the
Fravashis of the saints], and we worship (Heaven) the best world of the
saints, shining, all glorious. |
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8. And we worship the two, the milk-offering and the libation, the
two which cause the waters to flow forth, and the plants to flourish,
the two foes who meet the Dragon demon-made; and who are set to meet, to
defeat, and to put to flight, that cheat, the Pairika, and to contradict
the insulting malice of the Ashemaogha (the persecuting heretic) and
that of the unholy tyrant full of death. |
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9. And we worship all waters and all plants, and all good men and all
good women. And we worship all these Yazads, heavenly and earthly, who
are beneficent and holy. |
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10. And we worship thee (our) dwelling-place who art the (earth, our)
bounteous Armaiti, and Thee, O Ahura Mazda, O holy Lord of this abode!
which is the home of healthy herds and healthy men, and of those who are
both endowed with health and lover(s) of the ritual right. |
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17. |
TO THE FIRES, WATERS, PLANTS, &C. | |
1-10. (See Y6, which is nearly identical with
verses 1-10.) |
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11. We worship thee, the Fire, O Ahura Mazda's son! We worship the
fire Berezi-savangha (of the lofty use), and the fire Vohu-fryana (the
good and friendly), and the fire Urvazishta (the most beneficial and
most helpful), and the fire Vazishta (the most supporting), and the fire
Spenishta (the most bountiful), and Nairya-sangha the Yazad of the royal
lineage, and that fire which is the house-lord of all houses and
Mazda-made, even the son of Ahura Mazda, the holy lord of the ritual
order, with all the fires. |
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12. And we worship the good and best waters Mazda-made, holy, all the
waters Mazda-made and holy, and all the plants which Mazda made, and
which are holy. |
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13. And we worship the Mathra-spenta (the bounteous word-of-reason),
the Zarathushtrian law against the Daevas, and its long descent. |
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14. And we worship Mount Ushi-darena which is Mazda-made and shining
with its holiness, and all the mountains shining with holiness, and of
abundant glory, and which Mazda made ---. |
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15. And we worship the good and pious prayer for blessings, (16) and
these waters and (these lands), (17) and all the greatest chieftains,
lords of the ritual order; |
||
18. And I praise, invoke, and glorify the good, heroic, bountiful
Fravashis of the saints, those of the house, the Vis, the Zantuma, the
Dahvyuma, and the Zarathushtrotema, and all the holy Yazads! 18. |
||
1. Grant me, Thou who art maker of the Kine, plants and waters,
Immortality, Mazda! Grant, too, Weal, Spirit bounteous.... (See Y51.7
and Y47). |
||
19. |
ZAND OR COMMENTARY ON THE AHUNA-VAIRYA FORMULAS. | |
(As the Ahu is excellent, so (is) the Ratu (one who rules) from the
righteous Order, a creator of mental goodness and of life's actions done
for Mazda; and the Kingdom (is) for Ahura which to the poor shall offer
a nurturer.) |
||
1. Zarathushtra asked of Ahura Mazda: O Ahura Mazda, Thou most
bounteous Spirit! maker of the corporeal worlds, the holy One! which was
that word which Thou did'st declare to me, (2) which was before the sky,
and before the water, before the earth, and before the cattle, before
the plants, and before the fire, and before the holy man, and the
Demon-gods (the Daevas), before the Khrafstra-men, and before all the
incarnate world; even before all the good creatures made by Mazda, and
which contain (and are) the seed of righteousness? |
||
3. Thereupon Ahura Mazda said: It was this piece, the Ahuna-vairya, O
Spitama Zarathushtra! which I pronounced as thine (4) before the sky,
and before the waters, before the land, and before the cattle and the
plants, and before the fire, Ahura Mazda's son, before the holy man, and
before the Daevas, and Khrafstra-men, and before the entire corporeal
world, even before the good creatures made by Mazda, which contain (and
are) the seed of righteousness. |
||
5. It was these part(s) of the Ahuna-vairya, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
which especially belongs to me, and when each is intoned aloud without
the (needless) repetition of verses and of words, and without their
omission, it is worth a hundred of their other stanzas, even although
they are prominent in the ritual, and likewise equally as well recited
without additions or omissions; nay, further, when it is intoned
imperfectly but added to, and with omissions, it is even then in effect
equivalent (not to a hundred indeed, but) to ten other (stanzas) that
are prominent. |
||
6. And whoever in this world of mine which is corporeal shall
mentally recall, O Spitama* Zarathushtra! a portion of the Ahuna-vairya,
and having thus recalled it, shall undertone it, or beginning to recite
it with the undertone, shall then utter it aloud, or chanting it with
intoning voice, shall worship thus, then with even threefold (safety and
with speed) I will bring his soul over the Bridge of Chinvat, I who am
Ahura Mazda (I will help him to pass over it) to Heaven (the best life),
and to Righteousness the Best, and to the lights of heaven. |
||
7. And whoever, O Spitama Zarathushtra! while undertoning the part(s)
of the Ahuna-vairya (or this piece the Ahuna-vairya), takes ought
therefrom, whether the half, or the third, or the fourth, or the fifth,
I who am Ahura Mazda will draw his soul off from the better world; yea,
so far off will I withdraw it as the earth is large and wide; [and this
earth is as long as it is broad]. |
||
8. And I pronounced this saying which contains its Ahu and its Ratu
before the creation of this heaven, before the making of the waters, and
the plants, and the four-footed kine, before the birth of the holy biped
man, before this sun with its body made for the acquisition of the
creation of the Bountiful Immortals. |
||
9. And the more bountiful of the two Spirits (Ahura) declared to me
(Zarathushtra) the entire creation of the pure, that which exists at
present, that which is in the course of emerging into existence, and
that which shall be, with reference to the performance and realization
'of the actions of a life devoted to Mazda.' |
||
10. And this word is the most emphatic of the words which have ever
been pronounced, or which are now spoken, or which shall be spoken in
future; for (the eminence of) this utterance is a thing of such a
nature, that if all the corporeal and living world should learn it, and
learning should hold fast by it, they would be redeemed from their
mortality! |
||
11. And this our word I have proclaimed as a symbol to be learned,
and to be recited, as it were, to every one of the beings under the
influence of and for the sake of Righteousness the Best. |
||
12. And 'as' (the worshipper has) here spoken it forth, when he has
thus 'appointed' the 'Lord and regulator,' so (by thus reciting these
authoritative words), he acknowledges Ahura Mazda (as prior to, and
supreme) over, those creatures who have 'the mind' as their first. 'As'
he acknowledges Him as the greatest of them all, 'so' he assigns the
creatures to Him (as to their originator). |
||
13. As he undertones the third sentence, he thereby announces that
'all the amenities of life appertain to the 'good' Mazda, (and come)
from Him. As he recites 'dazda manangho,' 'the creator of mind,' he
acknowledges Him as superior and prior to mind; and as he makes Him the
one who indicates (the truth) to mind, (saying) 'manangho of mind,'
which means that by this much he makes Him (its director), and then he
makes Him 'the lord of actions.' |
||
14. And when he acknowledges Him for the creatures thus, 'O Mazda!'
he acknowledges Him (as their ruler) when he assigns the creatures to
Him thus. He then assigns the Kingdom to Ahura, saying: 'Thine, O Mazda!
is the Kingdom.' And he assigns a nourisher and protector to the poor,
saying: Yim drigubyo dadat vastarem; that is, as a friend to Spitama.
This is the fifth sentence, (and it concludes) the entire recital and
word, (even) the whole of this word of Ahura Mazda. |
||
15. He who is the best (of all) Ahura Mazda, pronounced the
Ahuna-vairya, and as He pronounced it as the best, so He caused it to
have its effect, (He, ever) the same, (as He is). |
||
CATECHETICAL ZAND. |
||
16. And this saying, uttered by Mazda, has three stages, or measures,
and belongs to four classes (of men as its supporters), and to five
chiefs (in the political world, without whom its efficiency is marred),
and it has a conclusion ending with a gift. (Question.) How are its
measures (constituted)? (Answer.) The good thought, the good word, and
the good deed. 17. (Question.) With what classes of men? (Answer.) The
priest, the charioteer (as the chief of warriors), the systematic tiller
of the ground, and the artisan. These classes therefore accompany the
religious man throughout his entire duty with the correct thought, the
truthful word, and the righteous action. These are the classes and
states in life which give attention to the rulers, and fulfill the
(laws) of religion; (yea, they are the guides and companions of that
religious man) through whose actions the settlements are furthered in
righteousness. |
||
18. (Question.) How are the chiefs (constituted)? (Answer.) They are
the house-chief, the village-chief, and the tribe-chief, the chief of
the province, and the Zarathushtra as the fifth. That is, so far as
those provinces are concerned which are different from, and outside of
the Zarathushtrian regency, or domain. [Ragha which has four chiefs
(only) is the Zarathushtrian (district)] (Question.) How are the chiefs
of this one constituted? (Answer.) They (are) the house-chief, the
village-chief, the tribe-chief, and the Zarathushtra as the fourth. 19.
(Question.) What is the thought well thought? (Answer.) (It is that
which the holy man thinks), the one who holds the holy thought to be
before all other things (Question.) What is the word well spoken?
(Answer.) It is the Mathra Spenta, the bounteous word of reason.
(Question.) What is the deed well done? (Answer.) It is that done with
praises, and by the creatures who regard Righteousness as before all
other things. 20. (Question.) Mazda made a proclamation, whom did He
announce? (Answer.) Some one who was holy, and yet both heavenly and
mundane. (Question.) What was His character, He who made this sacred
enunciation? (Answer.) He who is the best (of all), the ruling one.
(Question.) Of what character (did He proclaim him the coming one)?
(Answer.) As holy and the best, a ruler who exercises no wanton or
despotic power. |
||
21. We sacrifice to the (several) part(s) of the Ahuna-vairya. We
sacrifice to the memorized recital of the Ahuna-vairya, and its regular
chanting and its use in the full Yasna. |
||
20. |
ZAND, OR COMMENTARY, ON THE ASHEM VOHU. | |
1. A blessing is Righteousness (called) the best; there is weal,
there is weal to this man when the Right (helps) the Righteousness best,
(when the pious man serves it in truth). Ahura Mazda spake forth: Ashem
vohu vahishtem asti. To this Asha, the holy ritual sanctity, one
attributes the qualities of 'good' and 'best,' as one attributes
property to an owner; thus this sentence vohu vahishtem asti is
substantiated (at once). |
||
2. Ushta asti ushta ahmai; by this attribution of blessedness (the
praiser) assigns every person (or thing) of a sacred nature to every
holy person, and as one usually (?) and regularly (?) assigns every
person or thing (?) that is holy to every holy man. |
||
3. Hyat ashai vahishtai; by these words the worshipper ascribes the
entire Mathra (to Asha Vahishta), and ascribes all to the Mathra, as one
ascribes the kingdom to Righteousness, and as one ascribes righteousness
to the invoking saint; yea, as one ascribes righteousness to us who are
the prophets (who shall help and bless the people). The three maxims of
the sentences (are thus fulfilled). And every word (in its detail), and
the entire utterance in its proclamation, is the word of Ahura Mazda.
|
||
CATECHETICAL ADDITION. |
||
4. Mazda has made a proclamation. (Question.) Whom did He announce?
(Answer.) That holy one who is both heavenly and earthly. (Question.) Of
what character is He who has thus announced Him? (Answer.) He is the
best, and the one who is exercising sovereign power. (Question.) Of what
character is the man whom He announced? (Answer.) The holy and the best,
the one who rules with no capricious tyranny. |
||
21. |
CATECHETICAL ZAND, OR COMMENTARY UPON THE YENHE HATAM. | |
(The Yenhe. (To that one) of beings do we offer, whose superior
(fidelity) in the sacrifice Ahura Mazda recognizes by reason of the
sanctity (within him; yea, even to those female saints also do we
sacrifice) whose (superior fidelity is thus likewise known; thus) we
sacrifice to (all, to both) the males and females (of the saints)!)
|
||
1. A word for the Yasna by Zarathushtra, the saint, Yenhe, &c. Here
the worshipper indicates and offers the Yasna (which is the sacrificial
worship) of Mazda as by the command (or as the institution) of Ahura.
Hatam. Here the worshipper offers the sacrificial worship as if with the
beings who are among those who are destined to live. 2. Yaungham. Here
he indicates and offers the sacrificial worship of those holy females
who have Aramaiti at their head, as homage to the Immortals. These are
the three sentences which comprehend all the Yasnian speech. (Question.)
To whom is this Yasna addressed? (Answer.) To the Bountiful Immortals
(in the course of the Yasna). 3. Thereupon spake Mazda: Salvation to
this one, whosoever he may be! May the absolute ruler Ahura grant it.
(Question.) 4. Whom did He answer with this answer? (Answer.) He
answered: The state of salvation; and with this answer, 'the state of
salvation,' he answered every saint who exists, every one who is coming
into existence, and every one who shall exist in the future. (Question.
Who answered thus? Answer.) The best One. (Question. What did He
answer?) (Answer.) The best thing. (That is,) the best One, Mazda,
answered the best and the holy (answer) for the better and the holy man.
5. We sacrifice to this piece, the Yenhe hatam, the prominent and holy
Yasht. |
||
22. |
THE SACRIFICE CONTINUES. | |
1. With the Baresman brought hither together with the Zaothra, for
the worship of the Creator Ahura Mazda, the resplendent, the glorious,
and for that of the Bountiful Immortals, I desire to approach this Haoma
with my praise, offered (as it is) with punctilious sanctity (or, for a
blessing), and this fresh milk, and this plant Hadhanaepata. 2. And, as
an act of worship to the beneficent waters, I desire to approach these
Zaothras with (my) praise offered (as they are) with punctilious
sanctity, having the Haoma with them, and the flesh, with the
Hadhanaepata. And I desire to approach the Haoma-water with my praise
for the beneficent waters; and I desire to approach the stone mortar and
the iron mortar with my praise. 3. And I desire to approach this plant
for the Baresman with my praise, and the well-timed prayer for
blessings, that which has approached (to accept our homage), and the
memorized recital and the fulfillment of the good Mazdayasnian Faith,
and the heard recital of the Gathas, and the well-timed and successful
prayer for blessings, that of the holy lord of the ritual order. And I
desire to approach these wood-billets and their perfume with my praise,
- thine, the Fire's, O Ahura Mazda's son! Yea, I desire to approach all
good things with my praise, those which Mazda made, and which have the
seed of sanctity (within them), (4) for the propitiation of Ahura Mazda
and of the Bountiful Immortals, and of Sraosha the blessed, and of Ahura
Mazda's Fire, the lofty ritual lord! |
||
5-19. (=Y3.5-19; 20-23=Y3.1-4) |
||
20. And I desire to approach this Haoma with (my) praise, that which
is thus lifted up with sanctity, and this milk (fresh as it is, and as
if) living and lifted up with sanctity, and this plant the Hadhanaepata
lifted up with sanctity. 21. And I desire to approach these Zaothras
with (my) praise for the beneficial waters, these Zaothras which have
the Haoma with them and the milk with them, and the Hadhanaepata, and
which are lifted up with sanctity. And I desire to approach the
Haoma-water with (my) praise for the beneficial waters, and the two
mortars, the stone one and the iron one, (22) and I desire to, approach
this branch for the Baresman with my praise, and the memorized recital
and fulfillment of the Mazdayasnian law, and the heard recital of the
Gathas, and the well-timed and persistent prayer for blessings(uttered)
by the holy lords of the ritual order, and this wood and perfume, even
thine, O Fire, Ahura Mazda's son, and all good objects Mazda-made (23)
for the propitiation of Ahura Mazda, the resplendent, the glorious, and
of the Bountiful Immortals, and of Mithra of the wide pastures, and of
Raman Hvastra, (24) and of the resplendent sun, immortal, radiant, of
the fleet horses, and of Vayu, (of predominant influence and) working on
high, set over the other beings in the creation [(Pazand); that is for
thee thus (O Vayu) when thine influence is that which appertains to
Spenta Mainyu], and for the propitiation of the most just knowledge
Mazda-given, and of the holy and good Religion, the Mazdayasnian Faith;
(25) for the propitiation of the Mathra Spenta, (the bounteous) and
holy, and the effective, instituted against the Daevas, the
Zarathushtrian law, and of the long descent of the good Mazdayasnian
Faith [the holding in mind and devotion to the Mathra Spenta, and
knowledge of the Mazdayasnian Religion] for the propitiation of the
understanding which is innate and Mazda-made, and of that which is heard
by the ear; (26) and for thy propitiation, the Fire's, O Ahura Mazda's
son! [(Pazand); (yea) thine, the Fire's, O Ahura Mazda's son] with all
the fires, and for the propitiation of Mount Ushi-darena, the
Mazda-made, radiant with sanctity; (27) and of all the holy Yazads,
spiritual and earthly, and of the holy Fravashis, the redoubted and
overwhelming, those of the ancient lore, and those of the next of kin
and of the Yazad of the spoken name! |
||
23. |
THE FRAVASHIS OF THE SAINTS; PRAYERS FOR THEIR APPROACH. | |
1. I desire to approach with my praise those Fravashis which have
existed from of old, the Fravashis of the houses, and of the villages,
of the communities, and of the provinces, which hold the heaven in its
place apart, and the water, land, and cattle, which hold the children in
the wombs safely enclosed apart so that they do not miscarry. |
||
2. And I desire to approach toward the Fravashi of Ahura Mazda, and
with my praise, and for those of the Bountiful Immortals, with all the
holy Fravashis which are those of the heavenly Yazads. And I desire to
approach the Fravashi of Gaya Maretan [Gayomard] (the life-man) in my
worship with my praise, and for that of Zarathushtra Spitama, and for
those of Kavi Vishtaspa, and of Isat-vastra, the Zarathushtrian, with
all the holy Fravashis of the other ancient counselors as well. 3. And I
desire in my worship to approach toward every holy Fravashi whosesoever
it may be, and wheresoever dead upon this earth (its possessor may have
lain), the pious woman, or the girl of tender years, the maiden diligent
(among the cattle) in the field (who) may have dwelt (here; yea, all)
which are now worshipped from this house, which are attentive to, and
which attain to (our) good Yasnas and (our) homage. 4. Yea, I desire to
approach the Fravashis of the saints with my praise redoubted (as they
are) and overwhelming, the Fravashis of those who held to the ancient
lore, and the Fravashis of the next-of-kin; and I desire to approach
toward the Fravashi of mine own soul in my worship with my praise; and I
desire therewith to approach toward all the lords of the ritual, and
with praise; and I desire to approach all the good Yazads with my
praise, the heavenly and the earthly, who are meet for sacrifice and
homage, because of Righteousness the Best! |
||
24. |
PRESENTATIONS. | |
1. (And having approached these Haomas with our worship), we present
them to Ahura Mazda; (yea, we present) these Haomas, Myazdas, Zaothras,
and the Baresman spread with punctilious sanctity, and the flesh, and
the milk, fresh as if living, and lifted up with punctilious sanctity,
and this branch the Hadhanaepata likewise lifted up with-sanctity. |
||
2. (And having approached these Zaothras in our worship), we present
them to the good waters having the Haoma with them, and the milk, and
the Hadhanaepata, and lifted up with scrupulous sanctity; and (with
them) we present the Haoma-water to the good waters, and both the stone
and the iron mortar. |
||
3. And we present this plant of the Baresman! and the timely prayer
for blessings, which has approached in the due course of the ritual, and
the recollection and practice of the good Mazdayasnian Religion, and the
heard recital of the Gathas, and the timely prayer for blessings which
has approached as the prayer of the holy lord of the ritual order; and
these wood-billets, and the perfume, (even) thine, the Fire's, O Ahura
Mazda's son! and all good objects Mazda-made, which have the seed of
righteousness, we offer and present. 4. And these we present hereby to
Ahura Mazda, and to Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed (and Righteous), and
to the Bountiful Immortals; and to the Fravashis of the saints, even to
the souls of the saints, and to the Fire of Ahura Mazda, the lofty lord
of entire holy creation, for sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and for
praise. |
||
5. And these we present hereby to the Fravashi of Zarathushtra
Spitama, the saint, for sacrifice, propitiation, and for praise, and to
that of the people who love Righteousness, with all the holy Fravashis
of the saints who are dead and who are living, and to those of men who
are as yet unborn, and to those of the prophets who will serve us, and
will labor to complete the progress and renovation of the world. |
||
6. And we present these Haomas, Myazdas, Zaothras, and the Baresman
spread with sanctity, and the flesh, and the milk (fresh as if) living,
and lifted up with sanctity, and the Hadhanaepata branch. |
||
7. And we present these Zaothras to the beneficial waters having the
Haoma with them, and the flesh, and the Hadhanaepata lifted up with
sanctity, and the Haoma-water, to the good waters, with the stone and
iron mortars, (8) and this plant of the Baresman, (and) the tirnely
Prayer and the recollection and practice of the good Mazdayasnian Faith,
and these wood-billets, and the perfume, thine, the Fire's, O Ahura
Mazda's son! and all objects which are Mazda-made, and which have, and
are, the seed of Righteousness, these we offer and present. |
||
9. (Yea,) we present these hereby to the Bountiful Immortals who rule
aright, and who dispose of all aright, the ever-living, ever-helpful,
who abide with the Good Mind (of the Lord and of His folk)! |
||
25. |
||
1. And we worship the Bountiful Immortals with our sacrifice, who
rule aright, and who dispose of all aright; and we worship this Haoma,
this flesh and branch, (2) and these Zaothras for the good waters,
having the Haoma with them, and the flesh with them, and Hadhanaepata,
and lifted up with sanctity, and we worship the Haoma-water for the
beneficial waters; and we worship the two, the stone mortar and the iron
mortar; (3) and we worship this plant for the Baresman and the
well-timed prayer for blessings which has approached (in its proper
place within the ritual course), and also both the remembrance and the
practice of the good Mazdayasnian Religion, and the heard recital of the
Gathas, and the well-timed prayer for blessings of the holy lord of the
ritual order which has approached, and these wood-billets with the
perfume, (even) thine, the Fire's, O Ahura Mazda's son! and we worship
all good objects which are Mazda-made, and which contain (and are) the
seed of Righteousness. |
||
4. And we worship Ahura Mazda with our sacrifice, the resplendent,
the glorious, and the Bountiful Immortals who rule aright, and who
dispose (of all) aright, and Mithra of the wide pastures and Raman
Hvastra; and we worship the shining sun, the resplendent, the immortal,
of the fleet horses. |
||
5. And we worship the holy wind which works on high, placed higher
than the other creatures in the creation; and we worship this which is
thine, O Vayu! and which appertains to the Spenta Mainyu within thee;
and we worship the most true religious Knowledge, Mazda-made and holy,
and the good Mazdayasnian law. |
||
6. And we worship the Mathra Spenta verily glorious (as it is), even
the law pronounced against the Daevas, the Zarathushtrian law, and its
long descent; yea, we worship the good Mazdayasnian Religion, and the
Mathra which is heart-devoted and bounteous (imparting heart's devotion
to the saint); yea, we worship the Mazdayasnian Religion maintained in
the understanding of the saint; and we honor that science which is the
Mathra Spenta, and the innate understanding Mazda-made, and the derived
understanding, heard with ear, and Mazda-made. |
||
7. Yea, we worship thee, the Fire, Ahura Mazda's son I the holy lord
of the ritual order; and we worship all the Fires, and Mount Ushi-darena
(which holds the light) Mazda-made and holy, the Yazad mount, brilliant
with sanctity. 8. And we worship every holy spiritual Yazad; and every
holy earthly Yazad (who exists)! |
||
26. |
THE FRAVASHIS; SACRIFICE AND PRAISE TO THEM. | |
1. I praise, invoke, and weave my hymn to the good, heroic, and
bountiful Fravashis of the saints; (and having invoked these, then) we
worship the Nmanyas, and the Visyas, and the Zantumas, and the
Dahvyumas, and the Zarathushtrotemas. |
||
2. And of all these prior Fravashis, we worship here the Fravashi of
Ahura Mazda, which is the greatest and the best, the most beautiful and
the firmest, the most wise and the best in form, and the one that
attains the most its ends because of Righteousness. 3. And (having
invoked them) hither, we worship the good, heroic, bountiful Fravashis
of the holy ones, those of the Bountiful Immortals, the brilliant, of
effective glance, the lofty, the devoted, the swift ones of the
creatures of Ahura who are imperishable and holy. |
||
4. And (having invoked them) hither, we worship the spirit and
conscience, the intelligence and soul and Fravashi of those holy men and
women who early heard the lore and commands (of God), and loved and
strove after Righteousness, the ritual truth; and we worship the soul of
the Kine of blessed gift. 5. And (having invoked it) hither, we worship
the Fravashi of Gaya Maretan [Gayomard] the holy, and the sanctity and
Fravashi of Zarathushtra Spitama the saint; and we worship the Fravashi
of Kavi Vishtasp the holy, and that of Isat-vastra the Zarathushtrian,
the saint. |
||
6. And (having invoked them) hither, we worship the life, conscience,
intelligence, soul and Fravashi of the next of kin, of the saints male
and female who have striven after the ritual truth, which are those of
the dead and living saints, and which are those also of men as yet
unborn, of the future prophets who will help on the renovation, and
complete the human progress, with them all. |
||
7. And (having invoked them) hither, we worship the souls of the dead
[(Pazand) which are the Fravashis of the saints]; and of all the next of
kin who have passed away in this house, of the Aethra-paitis (the
teachers) and of the disciples; yea, of all holy men and women; (8) and
we worship the Fravashis of all the holy teachers and disciples; and of
all the saints both male and female. |
||
9. (And having invoked them) hither we worship the Fravashis of all
the holy children who fulfill the deeds of piety; and we worship the
Fravashis of the saints within the province; and those of the saints
without the province. 10. We worship the Fravashis of (those) holy men
and holy women; we worship all the good, heroic, bountiful Fravashis of
the saints from Gaya Maretan [Gayomard] (the first created) to the
Saoshyant, the victorious. |
||
11. Yea, we worship all the Fravashis of the saints, and we worship
the souls of the dead [(Pazand) which are the Fravashis of the saints]!
|
||
27. |
PRELUDE TO THE CHIEF RECITAL OF THE AHUNA-VAIRYA. | |
1. This is to render Him who is of all the greatest, our lord and
master (even) Ahura Mazda. And this to smite the wicked Angra Mainyu,
and to smite Aeshma of the bloody spear, and the Mazainya Daevas, and to
smite all the wicked Varenya Daevas. |
||
2. And this is to further Ahura Mazda, the resplendent, the glorious,
to further the Bountiful Immortals, and the influences of the star
Tishtrya, the resplendent, the glorious, (and) to the furtherance of the
holy man, and of all the (bountiful and) holy creatures of the Bounteous
Spirit. |
||
3-5. (The Ahunwar appears here with Y34.5, the Airyema Ishyo, and the
Ashem Vohu.) |
||
6. The Haomas are crushed, O Mazda, Khshathra, and Asha, O ye Lords!
Good is Sraosha who accompanies the sacrifice with the great glory, and
may he be present affording strenuous help. |
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7. We are offering saving acts of wisdom and of worship with the
sacred gift of the Ahuna-Vairya intoned with sanctity, and of the two
mortars here brought forward with holy act, and with that of the
correctly uttered words likewise; and therefore may they be to us the
more saving in their wise significance. |
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8-12. (See Y33.11-14; and Y1.23, and Y12.) |
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13. As the Ahu is excellent, so is the Ratu (one who rules) from
(his) sanctity, a creator of mental goodness, and of life's actions done
for Mazda; and the Kingdom (is) for Ahura, which to the poor may offer a
nurturer. 14. (What is Your Kingdom, Your riches; how may I be Your own
in my actions, to nourish Your poor, O Mazda? Beyond; yea, beyond all we
declare You, far from Daevas and Khrafstra-accursed mortals!) |
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15. We worship the Ahuna-vairya. We worship Asha Vahishta, the most
beautiful, the Bountiful Immortal. |
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AHUNAVAITI GATHA (Y28-34). |
Translation by C. Bartholomae, from I.J.S. Taraporewala, The Divine Songs of Zarathushtra. Notes in square brackets [] were added by JHP. |
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28. |
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1. With outspread hands in petition for that help, O Mazda, I will pray for the works of the holy spirit, O thou the Right, whereby I may please the will of Good Thought and the Ox-Soul. 2. I who would serve you, O Mazda Ahura and Vohu Mano, do ye give through Asha the blessings of both worlds, the bodily and that of the Spirit, which set the faithful in felicity. 3. I who would praise ye as never before, Right and Good Thought and Mazda Ahura, and those for whom Piety makes an imperishable Dominion to grow; come ye to me help at my call. 4. I who have set my heart on watching over the soul, in union with Good Thought, and as knowing the rewards of Mazda Ahura for our works, will, while I have power and strength, teach men to seek after Right. 5. O Asha, shall I see thee and Good Thought, as one that knows? (Shall I see) the throne of the mightiest Ahura and the following of Mazda? Through this word (of promise) on our tongue will we turn the robber horde unto the Greatest. 6. Come thou with Good Thought, give through Asha, O Mazda, as the gift to Zarathushtra, according to thy sure words, long enduring mighty help, and to us, O Ahura, whereby we may overcome the enmity of our foes. 7. Grant, O thou Asha, the reward, the blessing of Good Thought; O Piety, give our desire to Vishtaspa and to me; O thou Mazda and King, grant that your Prophet may command a hearing. 8. The best I ask of Thee, O Best, Ahura (Lord) of one will with the Best Asha, desiring (it) for the hero Frashaostra and for those (others) to whom thou wilt give (it), (the best gift) of Good Mind through all time. 9. With these bounties, O Ahura, may we never provoke your wrath, O Mazda and Right and Best Thought, we who have been eager in bringing you songs of praise. Ye are they that are the mightiest to advance desire and the Dominion of Blessings. 10. The wise whom thou knowest as worthy, for their right (doing) and their good thought, for them do thou fulfill their longing for attainment. For I know words of prayer are effective with Ye, which tend to a good object. 11. I would thereby preserve Right and Good Thought for evermore,
that I may instruct, do thou teach me, O Mazda Ahura, from thy spirit by
thy mouth how it will be with the First Life. 29.1. Unto you wailed the Ox-soul, "For whom did ye fashion me? Who created me? Violence and rapine (and) savagery hath oppressed me, and outrage and might. I have no other herdsman than you; prepare for me then the blessings of pasture." 2. Then the Ox-Creator asked of the Right: "Hast thou a judge for the Ox, that ye may be able to appoint him zealous tendance as well as fodder? Whom do ye will to be his lord, who may drive off violence together with the followers of the Lie?" 3. To him the Right replied: "There is for the Ox no helper that can
keep him away. Those yonder have no knowledge how right-doers act
towards the lowly". 4. (Asha) "Mazda knoweth best the purposes that have been wrought already by demons and by mortals, and that shall be wrought hereafter. He, Ahura, is the decider. So shall it be as he shall will." 5. (The Ox-Creator) "To Ahura with outspread hands we twain would pray, my soul and that of the pregnant cow, so that we twain urge Mazda with entreaties. Destruction is not for the right-living, nor for the cattle-tender at the hands of Liars." 6. Then spake Ahura Mazda himself, who knows the law with wisdom: "There is found no lord or judge according to the Right Order for the Creator hath formed thee for the cattle-tender and the farmer." 7. This ordinance about the fat hath Ahura Mazda, one in will with
Right, created for cattle, and the milk for them that crave nourishment,
by his command, the holy one. 8. (Vohu Manah:) He is known to me here who alone hath heard our commands, even Zarathushtra Spitama; he willeth to make known our thoughts, O Mazda, and those of the Right. So let us bestow on him charm of speech. 9. Then the Ox-Soul lamented: "That I must be content with the ineffectual word of an impotent man for my protector, when I wish for one that commands mightily! When ever shall there be one who shall give him (the Ox) effective help?" 10. (Zarathushtra:) Do ye, O Ahura, grant them strength, and O Asha, and O Good Thought, that dominion, whereby he (the Savior) could produce good dwellings and peace. I also have realized thee, Mazda, as the first to accomplish this. 11. "Where are Right and Good Thought and Dominion? So, ye men,
acknowledge me, for instruction, Mazda, for the great society." 30.1. Now I will proclaim to those who will hear the things that the understanding man should remember, for hymns unto Ahura and prayers to Good Thought; also the felicity that is with the heavenly lights, which through Right shall be beheld by him who wisely thinks. 2. Hear with your ears the best things; look upon them with clear-seeing thought, for decision between the two Beliefs, each man for himself before the Great consummation, bethinking you that it be accomplished to our pleasure. 3. Now the two primal Spirits, who reveal themselves in vision as Twins, are the Better and the Bad, in thought and word and action. And between these two the wise ones chose aright, the foolish not so. 4. And when these twain Spirits came together in the beginning, they created Life and Not-Life, and that at the last Worst Existence shall be to the followers of the Lie, but the Best Existence to him that follows Right. 5. Of these twain Spirits he that followed the Lie chose doing the worst things; the holiest Spirit chose Right, he that clothes him with the massy heavens as a garment. So likewise they that are fain to please Ahura Mazda by dutiful actions. 6. Between these twain the Daevas also chose not aright, for infatuation came upon them as they took counsel together, so that they chose the Worst Thought. Then they rushed together to Violence, that they might enfeeble the world of men. 7. And to him (i.e. mankind) came Dominion, and Good Mind, and Right and Piety gave continued life to their bodies and indestructibility, so that by thy retributions through (molten) metal he may gain the prize over the others. 8. So when there cometh their punishment for their sins, then, O Mazda, at Thy command shall Good Thought establish the Dominion in the Consummation, for those who deliver the Lie, O Ahura, into the hands of Right. 9. So may we be those that make this world advance, O Mazda and ye other Ahuras, come hither, vouchsafing (to us) admission into your company and Asha, in order that (our) thought may gather together while reason is still shaky. 10. Then truly on the (world of) Lie shall come the destruction of delight; but they who get themselves good name shall be partakers in the promised reward in the fair abode of Good Thought, of Mazda, and of Right. 11. If, O ye mortals, ye mark those commandments which Mazda hath
ordained — of happiness and pain, the long punishment for the follower
of the Druj, and blessings for the followers of the Right -- then
hereafter shall it be well. 31.1. Mindful of your commands, we proclaim words unpleasant for them to hear that after the commands of the Lie destroy the creatures of Right, but most welcome to those that give their heart to Mazda. 2. If by reason of these things the better path is not in sight for choosing, then will I come to you all as judge of the parties twain whom Ahura Mazda knoweth, that we may live according to the Right. 3. What award Thou givest through the (holy) Spirit and through the Fire and hast taught through Asha, to both the parties, and what the decision is for the wise, this do Thou tell us, Mazda, that we may know, even with the tongue of Thine own mouth, that I may convert all living men. |
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4. If Asha is to be invoked and Mazda and the other Ahuras and Ashi and Armaiti, do thou seek for me, O Vohu Manah,1 the mighty Dominion, by the increase of which we might vanquish the Lie. |
1. Boyce: "seek by the best purpose (vahishta manah)..." This is an excellent example of the continuous juxtaposition in the Gathas of the Amesha Spentas as divinities and things.] | |
5. Tell me therefore what ye, O thou Right, have appointed me as the better portion, for me to determine, to know and to keep in mind, O thou Good Thought — which portion they envy me. Tell me of all these things. O Mazda Ahura, that shall not or shall be. 6. To him shall the best befall, who, as one that knows, speaks to me Right's truthful word of Welfare and of Immortality; even the Dominion of Mazda which Good Thought shall increase for him. 7. About which he in the beginning thus thought, "let the blessed realms be filled with Light", he it is that by his wisdom created Right. (Those realms) that the Best Thought shall possess those dost Thou exalt, O Mazda, through the Spirit, which, O Ahura, is ever the same. 8. I recognize Thee, O Mazda, in my thought, that Thou the First art (also) the Last — that Thou art Father of Vohu Manah; -- when I apprehend Thee with mine eye, that Thou art the true Creator of Right [Asha], and art the Lord to judge the actions of life. 9. Thine was Armaiti, Thine the Ox-Creator, (namely) the Wisdom of the Spirit, O Mazda Ahura, because Thou didst give (the cattle) choice whether to depend on a husbandman or one who is no husbandman. 10. So she chose for herself out of the two the cattle-tending husbandman as her lord to guard the Right, the man that advances Good Thought. He that is no-husbandman, O Mazda, however eager he be, has no part in this good message. 11. When Thou, O Mazda, in the beginning didst create the Individual and the Individuality, through Thy Spirit, and powers of understanding - when Thou didst make life clothed with the body, when (Thou madest) actions and teachings, whereby one may exercise one's convictions at one's free-will; 12. Then lifts up his voice the false speaker or the true speaker, he that knows or he that knows not, (each) according to his own heart and mind. Passing from one to another Armaiti confers with the spirit in whom there is wavering. 13. Whatever open or whatever secret (acts) may be visited with punishment, or whether a person for a little sin demands the highest punishment, — of all this through Asha Thou art aware, observing it with Thy flashing eye. 14. These things I ask Thee, O Ahura, how will these come and happen — the dues, that in accord with the records are appointed for the righteous, and those, O Mazda, for the followers of the Druj, — how shall these be when they come to the reckoning. 15. This I ask, what penalty is for him who seeks to achieve kingdom for a liar, for a man of ill deeds, O Ahura, who finds not his living without injury to the husbandman's cattle and men, though he does him no injury. 16. This I ask, whether the understanding man, who strives to advance the Dominion over the house, or district, or land through Asha, shall become like Thee, O Mazda Ahura, when will he be and how will he act? 17. Which is the greater — what the follower of Asha or what the follower of Druj believe? Let him that knows inform the wise; no longer let him that knows nothing deceive. Be to us, O Mazda Ahura, the Teacher of Good Thought. 18. Let none of you listen to the words and commands of the follower of the Druj; for he brings house and clan and district and land into misery and destruction. Resist them with weapon! 19. To him should we listen who has understood Asha, to the wise Healer of Life O Ahura, who can or will establish the truth of the words of his tongue, when through Thy red Fire, O Mazda, the assignment (of rewards) is made to the two parties. 20. Whosoever cometh over to the Righteous, far from him hereafter shall be long age of misery (and) darkness, ill-food, and crying of woe. To such an existence, ye followers of the Lie, shall your own Self bring you through your (own) action. 21. Mazda Ahura by virtue of His absolute Lordship will grant a perpetuity of communion with Haurvatat and Ameretat, and with Asha, with Khshathra, and with Vohu Manah, to him that in spirit and in action is his friend. 22. Clear it is to the man of understanding, as one who has realized
it with his thought. He upholds Asha together with good Dominion by his
word and deed. He will be, O Mazda Ahura, the most helpful helper to
Thee. 32.1. (Zarathushtra) — And his blessedness, even that of Ahura Mazda,
shall the nobles strive to attain, his the community with the
brotherhood, his, ye Daevas, in the manner as I declare it. 2. To them Mazda Ahura, who is united with Good Thought, and is in goodly fellowship with glorious Right, through Dominion, made reply: We make choice of your holy good Piety [Armaiti] — may it be ours. 3. (Zarathushtra) — But ye, ye Daevas all, and he that highly honors you, are the seed of Bad Thought — yes, and of the Lie and of Arrogance, likewise your deeds, whereby ye have long been known in the seventh region of the earth. 4. For ye have brought it to pass that men who do the worst things shall be called beloved of the Daevas, separating themselves from Good Thought, departing from the will of Mazda Ahura and from Right. 5. Thereby ye defrauded mankind of happy life and immortality, by the deed which he and the Bad Spirit together with Bad Thought and Bad Word taught you, ye Daevas and the Liars, so as to ruin (mankind). 6. The many sins by which he has succeeded in being famous whether by these it shall be thus, this Thou Knowest by the Best Thought, O Ahura, Thou who art mindful of each person's deserts. In Thy Dominion, O Mazda, and that of Asha, shall your decision thereon be observed. 7. None of these sins will the understanding commit, in eagerness to attain the blessing that shall be proclaimed, we know, through the glowing metal — sins the issue of which, O Ahura Mazda, Thou knowest best. 8. Among these sinners, we know, Yima was included, Vivanghen's son, who desiring to satisfy men gave our people flesh of the ox to eat. From these shall I be separated by Thee, O Mazda, at last. 9. The teacher of evil destroys the lore, he by his teaching destroys the design of life, he prevents the possession of Good Thought from being prized. These words of my spirit I wail unto you, O Mazda, and to the Right. 10. He it is that destroys, who declares that the Ox and the Sun are the worst things to behold with the eyes, and hath made the pious into liars, and desolates the pastures and lifts his weapon against the righteous man. 11. It is they, the liars, who destroy life, who are mightily determined to deprive matron and master of the enjoyment of their heritage, in that they would prevent the righteous, O Mazda, from the Best Thought. 12. Since they by their lore would pervert men from the best doing, Mazda uttered evil against them, who destroy the life of the Ox with shouts of joy, by whom Grehma and his tribe are preferred to the Right and the Karapan and the lordship of them that seek after the Lie. 13. Since Grehma shall attain the realm in the dwelling of the Worst Thought, he and the destroyers of life, O Mazda, they shall lament in their longing for the message of Thy prophet, who will stay them from beholding the Right. 14. To his undoing Grehma, and the Kavis, have long devoted their purpose and energies, for they set themselves to help the liar, and that it may be said, "The Ox shall be slain that it may kindle the Averter of Death to help us." 15. Thereby hath come to ruin the Karapan and the Kavi community, through those whom they will not have to rule over their life. These shall be born away from them both to the dwelling of Good Thought. 16. ..., who hast power, O Mazda Ahura, on him who threatens to be my
undoing, that I may fetter the men of the Lie in their violence against
my friends. 33.1. According as it is with the laws that belong to the present life, so shall the Judge act with most just deed towards the man of the Lie and the man of the Right, and him whose false things and good things balance (in equal measure). 2. Whoso worketh ill for the liar by word or thought or hands, or converts his dependent to the good — such men meet the will of Ahura Mazda to his satisfaction. 3. Whose is most good to the righteous man, be he noble or member of the community or the brotherhood, Ahura — or with diligence cares for the cattle, he shall be hereafter in the pasture of Right and Good Thought [Asha and Vohu Manah]. 4. I who by worship would keep far from Thee, O Mazda, disobedience and Bad Thought, heresy from the nobles, and from the community the Lie, that is most near, and from the brotherhood the slanderers, and the worst herdsmen from the pastures of the cattle; -- 5. I who would invoke thy Obedience as the greatest of all at the Consummation, attaining long life, and the Dominion of Good Thought, and the straight ways into Right, wherein Mazda Ahura dwells. 6. I, as a priest, who would learn the straight (paths) by the Right, would learn by the Best Spirit how to practice husbandry by that thought in which it is thought of; these Twain of Thine, O Ahura Mazda, I strive to see and take counsel with them. 7. Come hither to me, O ye Best Ones, hither, O Mazda, in Thine own person and visibly, O Right and Good Thought, that I may be heard beyond the limits of the people. Let the august duties be manifest among us and clearly viewed. 8. Consider ye my matters whereon I am active, O Good Thought, my worship, O Mazda, towards one like you, and O Right, the words of my praise. Grant, O Welfare and Immortality, your own everlasting blessing. 9. That Spirit of Thine, Mazda, together with the comfort of the Comrades Twain, who advance the Right, let the Best Thought bring through the Reform wrought by me. Sure is the support of those twain, whose souls are one. 10. All the pleasures of life which thou holdest, those that were, that are, and that shall be O Mazda, according to thy good will apportion them. Through Good Thought advance thou the body, through Dominion and Right at will. 11. The most mighty Ahura Mazda, and Piety, and Right that blesses our substance, and Good Thought and Dominion, hearken unto me, be merciful to me, when to each man the recompense comes. 12. Rise up for me, O Ahura, through Armaiti give strength, through the holiest Spirit give might, O Mazda, through the good Recompense [âdâ, offering], through the Right give powerful prowess, through Good Thought give the reward. 13. To support me, O Thou that seest far onward, do ye assure me the incomparable things in your Dominion, O Ahura, as the Destiny of Good Thought. O Holy Armaiti, teach the Daenas about the Right. 14. As an offering Zarathushtra brings the life of his own body, the
choiceness of good thought, action, and speech, unto Mazda, unto the
Right, Obedience, and Dominion. 34.1. The action, the word, and the worship for which Thou, O Mazda, shalt bestow Immortality and Right, and Dominion of Welfare - through multitudes of these, O Ahura, we would that thou shouldst give them. 2. And all the actions of the good spirit [Spenta Mainyu -JHP] and the holy man, whose soul follows the Right, do ye set with the thought (thereof) in thine outer court, O Mazda, when ye are adored with hymns of praise. 3. To Thee and to Right [Asha] we will offer the sacrifice [myazda, i.e. offering] with due service [veneration], that in (Thy established) Dominion ye may bring all creatures to perfection through Good Thought. For the reward of the wise man is for ever secure, O Mazda, among you. 4. Of Thy Fire, O Ahura, that is mighty through Right, promised and powerful, we desire that it may be for the faithful man with manifested delight, but for the enemy with visible torment, according to the pointings of the hand. 5. Have ye Dominion and power, O Mazda, Right and Good Thought, to do as I urge upon you, even to protect your poor man? We have renounced the robber-gangs, both demons and men. 6. If ye are truly thus, O Mazda, Right and Good Thought, then give me this token, even a total reversal of this life, that I may come before you again more joyfully with worship and praise. 7. Can they be true to thee, O Mazda, who by their doctrines turn the known inheritances of Good Thought into misery and woe [usheuru?]. I know none other but you, O Right, so do ye protect us. 8. For by these actions they put us in fear, in which peril is for many — in that the stronger (puts in fear) (me) the weaker one — through hatred of thy commandment, O Mazda. They that will not have the Right in their thought, from them shall the Good Abode be far. 9. These men of evil action who spurn the holy Piety, precious to thy wise one, O Mazda, through their having no part in Good Thought, from them Right shrinks back far, as from us shrink the wild beasts of prey. 10. The man of understanding [or good will] has instructed (people) to cling to action of this Good Thought [Vohu Manah], and to the Holy Piety [Spenta Armaiti], creator, comrade of Right [Asha] — wise that he is, and to all hope, O Ahura, that are in thy Dominion, O Mazda. 11. And both thy (gifts) shall be for sustenance, even nectar and ambrosia. Piety linked with Right shall advance the Dominion of Good Thought, its permanence and power. By these, O Mazda, dost thou bless the foes of thy foes. 12. What is thine ordinance? What willst thou? What of praise or what of worship? Proclaim it, Mazda, that we may hear what ordinances Destiny will apportion. Teach us by Right the paths of Good Thought that are blessed to go in, - 13. Even that way of Good Thought, O Ahura, of which thou didst speak to me, whereon, a way well made by Right, the Daena of the future benefactors shall pass to the reward that was prepared for the wise, of which thou art determinant, O Mazda. 14. The precious reward, then, O Mazda, ye will give by the action of Good Thought to the bodily life of those who are in the community that tends the pregnant cow, (the promise of) your good doctrine, Ahura, that of the wisdom which exalts communities through Right. 15. O Mazda, make known to me he best teachings and actions, these O
Good Thought and O Right the due of praise. Through your Dominion, O
Ahura, assure us that mankind shall be capable according to (Thy) will.
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YASNA HAPTANGHAITI.35. |
(Translated by L. H. Mills, from Sacred Books of the East, American Edition, 1898.) |
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PRAISE TO AHURA AND THE IMMORTALS; PRAYER FOR THE PRACTICE AND DIFFUSION OF THE FAITH.1. We sacrifice to Ahura Mazda, the holy Lord of the ritual order, and to the Bountiful Immortals, who rule aright, who dispose of all aright; and we sacrifice to the entire creation of the clean, the spiritual and the mundane, with the longing blessing of the beneficent ritual, with the longing blessing of the benignant Religion, the Mazdayasnian Faith. 2. We are praisers of good thoughts, of good words, and of good actions, of those now and those hereafter [(Pazand) of those being done; and of those completed]. We implant (?) them (with our homage, and we do this) the more, and yet the more since we are (praisers) of the good (from whom they spring). 3. That, therefore, would we choose, O Ahura Mazda! and thou, O Righteousness the beauteous! that we should think, and speak, and do those thoughts, and words, and deeds, among actual good thoughts, and words, and actions, which are the best for both the worlds; (4) and together with these gifts (?) and actions which are thus the best, we would pray for the Kine (which represents the pure creation), that she may have comfort and have fodder from the famed! and from the humble, from the potent and the weak. 5. To the best of good rulers (is) verily the Kingdom, because we render and ascribe it to Him, and make it thoroughly His own (?), to Mazda Ahura do we ascribe it, and to Righteousness the Best. 6. As thus both man or woman knows (the duty), both thoroughly and truly, so let him, or her, declare it and fulfill it, and inculcate it upon those who may perform it as it is. 7. We would be deeply mindful of Your sacrifice and homage, Yours, O Ahura Mazda! and the best, (and we would be mindful) of the nurture of the Kine. And that let us inculcate, and perform for You according as we may; and (for) such (praisers as we are). 8. Under the shelter of the ritual Order let us do so in the active fulfillment of its (precepts) toward every one of the (clean) and better creatures which are fit to live, with a gift for both the worlds. 9. Yea, those words and sayings, O Ahura Mazda! we would proclaim as Righteousness, and as of the better mind (?); and we would make Thee the one who both supports (us in our proclamation) of them, and who throws still further light upon them (as they are), 10. And by reason of Thy Righteous Order, Thy Good Mind, and Thy
Sovereign Power, and through the instrumentality of our praises of Thee,
O Ahura Mazda! and for the purpose of (still further) praises, by Thy
spoken words, and for (still further) spoken words, through Thy Yasna,
and for (still further) Yasnas (would we thus proclaim them, and make
Thee the bestower of our light). 36.TO AHURA AND THE FIRE.1. We would approach You two, O (Ye) primeval ones in the house of this Thy holy Fire, O Ahura Mazda, Thou most bounteous Spirit! Who brings pollutions to this (Thy flame) him wilt Thou cover with pollutions (in his turn). 2. But as the most friendly do Thou give us zeal, O Fire of the Lord! and approach us, and with the loving blessing of the most friendly, with the praise of the most adored. Yea, may'st thou approach to aid us in this our greatest (undertaking) among the efforts of our zeal. 3. The Fire of Ahura Mazda art thou verily; yea, the most bounteous one of His Spirit, wherefore Thine is the most potent of all names (for grace), O Fire of the Lord! 4. And therefore we would approach Thee, (O Ahura!) with the help of Thy Good Mind (which Thou dost implant within us), with Thy (good) Righteousness, and with the actions and the words inculcated by Thy good wisdom! 5. We therefore bow before Thee, and we direct our prayers to Thee
with confessions of our guilt, O Ahura Mazda! with all the good thoughts
(which Thou dost inspire), with all the words well said, and the deeds
well done, with these would we approach Thee. 6. And to Thy most
beauteous body do we make our deep acknowledgments, O Ahura Mazda! to
those stars (which are Thy body); and to that one, the highest of the
high, [such as the sun was called]! 37.TO AHURA, THE HOLY CREATION, THE FRAVASHIS OF THE JUST, AND THE BOUNTIFUL IMMORTALS.1. Thus therefore do we worship Ahura Mazda, who made the Kine (the living creation), and the (embodied) Righteousness (which is incarnate in the clean), and the waters, and the wholesome plants, the stars, and the earth, and all (existing) objects that are good. 2. Yea, we worship Him for His Sovereign Power and His greatness, beneficent (as they are), and with priority among the Yazads who abide beside the Kine (and care for her protection and support). 3. And we worship Him under His name as Lord, to Mazda dear, the most beneficent (of names). We worship him with our bones, and with our flesh, (with our bodies and our life). And we worship the Fravashis of the saints, of holy men, and holy women; (4) and Righteousness the Best do we worship, the most beauteous, the Bountiful Immortal and that which is endowed with light in all things good. 5. And we worship the Good Mind (of the Lord), and His Sovereign
Power, and the Good Faith, the good law of our thrift, and Piety the
ready mind (within Thy folk)! 38.TO THE EARTH AND THE SACRED WATERS.1. And now we worship this earth which bears us, together with Thy
wives, O Ahura Mazda! yea, those Thy wives do we worship which are so
desired from their sanctity. 2. We sacrifice to their zealous wishes,
and their capabilities, their inquiries (as to duty), and their wise
acts of pious reverence, and with these their blessedness, their full
vigor and good portions, their good fame and ample wealth. 3. O ye
waters! now we worship you, you that are showered down, and you that
stand in pools and vats, and you that bear forth. (our loaded vessels?)
ye female Ahuras of Ahura, you that serve us (all) in helpful ways, well
forded and full-flowing, and effective for the bathings, we will seek
you and for both the worlds! 4. Therefore did Ahura Mazda give you
names, O ye beneficent ones! when He who made the good bestowed you. And
by these names we worship you, and by them we would ingratiate ourselves
with you, and with them would we bow before you, and direct our prayers
to you with free confessions of our debt. O waters, ye who are
productive, and ye maternal ones, ye with heat that suckles the (frail
and) needy (before birth), ye waters (that have once been) rulers of
(us) all, we will now address you as the best, and the most beautiful;
those (are) yours, those good (objects) of our offerings, ye long of arm
to reach our sickness, or misfortune, ye mothers of our life! 39.TO THE SOUL OF THE KINE, &C.1. And now we sacrifice to the Kine's soul, and to her created body, and we sacrifice to the souls of cattle who are fit to live (for us), and whose (we?) are, such as are the same to them. 2. And we worship the souls of those beasts which are tame and broken in, and of wild herds, and the souls of the saints wherever they were born, both of men and of women, whose good consciences are conquering in the strife against the Daevas, or will conquer, or have conquered. 3. And now we worship the Bountiful Immortals (all) the good, and both those male, and those female (by their names). The males among them do we worship, ever living, and ever helpful, who dwell beside the pious, and the females thus the same. 4. As Thou, O Ahura Mazda! hast thought and spoken, as thou hast determined, and hast done these things (effecting) what is good, therefore do we offer to Thee, therefore do we ascribe to Thee our praises, and worship Thee, and bow ourselves before Thee; and therefore would we direct our prayers to Thee, Ahura! with confessions of our sin. 5. And we thus draw near to Thee together with the good kinship of
our kindred, with that of Righteousness the blessed, and the good law of
thrift and energy and the good Piety, the ready mind (within Thy folk)!
40.PRAYERS FOR HELPERS.1. And now in these Thy dispensations, O Ahura Mazda! do Thou wisely act for us, and with abundance with Thy bounty and Thy tenderness as touching us; and grant that reward which Thou hast appointed to our souls, O Ahura Mazda! 2. Of this do Thou Thyself bestow upon us for this world and the spiritual; and now as part thereof (do Thou grant) that we may attain to fellowship with Thee, and Thy Righteousness for all duration. 3. And do Thou grant us, O Ahura! men who are righteous, and both lovers and producers of the Right as well. And give us trained beasts for the pastures, broken in for riding, and for bearing, (that they may be) in helpful companionship with us, and as a source of long enduring vigor, and a means of rejoicing grace to us for this. 4. So let there be a kinsman lord for us, with the laborers of the
village, and so likewise let there be the clients (or the peers). And by
the help of those may we arise. 41.A PRAYER TO AHURA AS THE KING, THE LIFE, AND THE REWARDER.1. Praises, and songs, and adorations do we offer to Ahura Mazda, and to Righteousness the Best; yea, we offer and we ascribe them, and proclaim them. 2. And to Thy good Kingdom, O Ahura Mazda! may we attain for ever, and a good King be Thou over us; and let each man of us, and so each woman, thus abide, O Thou most beneficent of beings, and for both the worlds! 3. Thus do we render Thee. the helpful Yazad, endowed with good devices, the friend of them (who worship Thee) with (well-adjusted) ritual; so may'st Thou be to us our life, and our body's vigor, O Thou most beneficent of beings, and that for both the worlds! 4. Aye, let us win and conquer (?) long life, O Ahura Mazda! in Thy grace, and through Thy will may we be powerful. May'st Thou lay hold on us to help, and long, and with salvation, O Thou most beneficent of beings! 5. Thy praisers and Mathra-speakers may we be called, O Ahura Mazda!
so do we wish, and to this may we attain. What reward most meet for our
deserving Thou hast appointed for the souls, O Ahura Mazda! (6) of that
do Thou bestow on us for this life, and for that of mind. Of that reward
(do Thou Thyself grant this advantage), that we may come under Thy
protecting guardianship, and that of Righteousness for ever. We
sacrifice to that brave Yasna, the Yasna Haptanghaiti, the holy, the
ritual chief! 42.A SUPPLEMENT TO THE HAPTANGHAITI.1. We worship You, O Ye Bountiful Immortals! the entire collection of this Yasna, Haptanghaiti (as we sum up all). And we sacrifice to the fountains of the waters, and to the fordings of the rivers, to the forkings of the highways, and to the meetings of the roads. 2. And we sacrifice to the hills that run with torrents, and the lakes that brim with waters! and to the corn that fills the corn-fields; and we sacrifice to both the protector and the Creator, to both Zarathushtra and the Lord. 3. And we sacrifice to both earth and heaven, and to the stormy wind that Mazda made, and to the peak of high Haraiti, and to the land, and all things good. 4. And we worship the Good Mind (in the living) and the spirits of
the saints. And we sacrifice to the fish of fifty-fins, and to that
sacred beast the Unicorn (?) which stands in Vouru-kasha, and we
sacrifice to that sea of Vouru-kasha where he stands, (5) and to the
Haoma, golden-flowered, growing on the heights; yea, to the Haoma that
restores us, and aids this world's advance. We sacrifice to Haoma that
driveth death afar, (6) and to the flood-streams of the waters, and to
the great flights of the birds, and to the approaches of the
Fire-priests, as they approach us from afar, and seek to gain the
provinces, and spread the ritual lore. And we sacrifice to the Bountiful
Immortals all! |
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Ushtavaiti Gatha |
Translation by Bartholomae, from I.J.S. Taraporewala, The Divine Songs of Zarathushtra. Notes in square brackets [] were added by JHP. | |
43.1. To each several man, to whom Mazda Ahura ruling at his will grant after the (petitioner's) will, I will after his will that he attain permanence and power, lay hold of Right - grant this, O Piety, - the destined gift of wealth, the life of the Good Thought, 2. and it shall be for him the best of all things. After his longing for bliss may one be given bliss, through the provident most holy spirit, O Mazda, even the blessings of Good Thought which thou wilt give through Right all the days with joy of enduring life. 3. May he attain to that which is better than the good, who would teach us the straight paths of blessedness in this life here of the body and in that of thought - true paths that lead to the world where Ahura Mazda dwells - a faithful man, well-knowing and holy like thee, O Mazda. 4. Then shall I recognize thee as strong and holy, O Mazda, when by the hand in which thou thyself dost hold the destinies that thou wilt assign to the Liar and the Righteous, by the glow of thy Fire whose power is Right, the might of Good Thought shall come to me. 5. As the holy one [spenta] I recognize thee, Mazda Ahura, when I saw thee in the beginning at the birth of Life, when thou madest actions and words to have their meed — evil for the evil, a good destiny for the good — through thy wisdom when creation shall reach its goal. 6. At which goal thou wilt come with thy holy Spirit, O Mazda, with Dominion, at the same with Good Thought, by whose action the settlements will prosper through Right. Their judgments shall Piety proclaim, even those of thy wisdom which none can deceive. 7. As the holy one I recognized thee, Mazda Ahura, when Good Thought came to me and asked me: "Who art thou? to whom dost thou belong? By what signs wilt thou appoint the days for questioning about thy possessions and thyself?" 8. Then I said to him: "To the first (question), Zarathushtra am I, a true foe to the Liar, to the utmost of my power, but a powerful support would I be to the Righteous, that I may attain the future things of the infinite Dominion, according as I praise and sing thee, O Mazda. 9. As the holy one I recognize thee, Mazda Ahura, when Good Thought came to me. To his question, "For which wilt thou decide" (I made reply). "At the gift of adoration to thy Fire, I will bethink me of Right so long as I have power. 10. Then show me Right, upon whom I call. 11. As the holy one I recognized thee, Mazda Ahura, when Good Thought came to me, when first by your words I was instructed. Shall it bring me sorrow among men, my devotion, in doing that which ye tell me is the best. 12. And when thou saidest to me, 'To Right shalt thou go for teaching', then thou didst not command what I did not obey: 'Speed thee, ere my Obedience come, followed by treasure-laden Destiny, who shall render to men severally the destiny of the two-fold award.' 13. As the holy one I recognized thee, Mazda Ahura, when Good Thought came to me to learn the state of my desire. Grant it me, that which none may compel you to allow, (the wish) for long continuance of blessed existence that they say is in thy Dominion. 14. If thy provident side, such as an understanding man who has the power would give to his friends, comes to me by the Dominion through Right, then I will bestir myself to set myself in opposition against the foes of thy Law, together with all those who are mindful of thy words. 15. As the holy one I recognized thee, Mazda Ahura, when Good Thought came to me, when the best Tushna-Matay taught me to declare: "Let not men seek again and again to please the Liars, for they make all the righteous enemies." 16. And Zarathushtra himself, O Ahura, chooses each one of thy
holiest Spirit, O Mazda. May Right be embodied full of life and
strength! May Piety abide in the Dominion bright as the sun! May Good
Thought give destiny to men according to their works! 44.1. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - as to prayer, how it should be to one of you. O Mazda Ahura, might one like thee teach to a friend such as I am, and through friendly Right give us support, that Good Thought may come to us. 2. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether at the beginning of the Best Existence the recompenses shall bring blessedness to him that meets with them. Surely he, O Right, the holy one, who watches in his spirit the transgression of all, if himself the benefactor of all that lives, O Mazda. 3. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. Who is by generation the Father of Right, at the first? Who determined the path of sun and stars? Who is it by whom the moon waxes and wanes again? This, O Mazda, and yet more, I am fain to know. 4. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. Who upholds the earth beneath and the firmament from falling? Who the waters and the plants? Who yoked swiftness to winds and clouds? Who is, O Mazda, creator of Good Thought? 5. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. What artist made light and darkness? What artist made sleep and waking? Who made morning, noon, and night, that call the understanding man to his duty? 6. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether what I proclaim is verily the truth. Will Right with its actions give aid (at the last)? will Piety? Will Good Thought announce from the Dominion? For whom hast thou made the pregnant cow that brings good luck? 7. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. Who created together with Dominion the precious Piety? Who made by wisdom the son obedient to his father? I strive to recognize by these things thee, O Mazda, creator of all things through the holy spirit. 8. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. I could keep in mind thy design, O Mazda, and understand aright the maxims of life which I ask of Good Thought and Right. How will my soul partake of the good that gives increase? 9. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether for the Self that I would bring to perfection, that of the man of insight, the Lord of Dominion would make promises of the sure Dominion, one of thy likenesses, O Mazda, who dwells in one abode with (Right) and Good Thought. 10. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. The Religion which is best for (all) that are, which in union with Right should prosper all that is mine, will they duly observe it, the religion of my creed, with words and action of Piety, in desire for thy (future) good things, O Mazda? 11. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether Piety will extend to those to whom thy Religion shall be proclaimed? I was ordained at the first for this by thee; all others I look upon with hatred of spirit. 12. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. Who among those with whom I would speak is a righteous man, and who a liar? On which side is the enemy? (On this), or is he the enemy, the Liar who opposes thy blessings? How shall it be with him? Is he not to be thought of as an enemy? 13. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether we shall drive the Lie away from us to those who being full of disobedience will not strive after fellowship with Right, nor trouble themselves with counsel of Good Thought. 14. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether I would put the Lie into the hands of Right, to cast her down by the words of thy lore, to work a mighty destruction among the Liars, to bring torments upon them and enmities, O Mazda. 15. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - if thou hast power over this to ward off from me through Right, when the two opposing hosts meet in battle according to those decrees which thou wilt firmly establish. Whether is it of the twain that thou wilt give victory. 16. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. Who is victorious to protect by thy doctrine (all) that are? By vision assure me how to set up the judge that heals the world. Then let him have Obedience coming with Good Thought unto every man whom thou desirest, O Mazda. 17. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether through you I shall attain my goal, O Mazda, even attachment unto you, and that my voice may be effectual, that Welfare and Immortality may be ready to unite according to that promise with him who joins himself with Right. 18. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura - whether I shall indeed, O Right, earn the reward, even ten mares with a stallion and a camel, which was promised to me, O Mazda, as well as through thee, the future gift of Welfare and Immortality. 19. This I ask Thee, tell me truly, Ahura. He that will not give the reward to him that earns it, even to the man who fulfilling his word gives him (what he undertook) - what penalty shall come to him for the same at the present? I know that which shall come to him at the last. 20. Have the Daevas ever exercised good dominion? And I ask of those
who see how for the Daevas' sake the Karapan and the Usij give cattle to
violence, and how the Kavi made them continually to mourn, instead of
taking care that they make the pastures prosper through Right. 45.1. I will speak forth: hear now and hearken now, ye from near and ye from far that desire (instruction). Now observe this in your mind, all of you, for he is revealed. Never shall the false Teacher destroy the Second Life, the Liar, in perversion by his tongue into evil belief. 2. I will speak of the Spirits twain at the first beginning of the world, of whom the holier spoke thus to the enemy: "Neither thought, nor teachings, nor wills, nor beliefs, nor words, nor deeds, nor selfs, nor souls of us twain agree". 3. I will speak of that which Mazda Ahura, the all-knowing, revealed to me first in this (earthly) life. Those of you that put not in practice this word as I think and utter it, to them shall be woe at the end of life. 4. I will speak of what is best for the life. Through Asha I have come to know, O Mazda, who created it (the life), the father of active Good Thought: but his daughter is the good-working Armaiti. The all-observant Ahura is not to be deceived. 5. I will speak of that which (he), the Holiest declared to me as the word that is best for mortals to obey; while he said: "they who for my sake render him obedience, shall all attain unto Welfare and Immortality by the actions of the Good Spirit [Spenta Mainyu -JHP]" - (he) Mazda Ahura. 6. I will speak of him who is the greatest of all, praising him, O Right, who is bounteous to all that live. By the holy spirit let Mazda Ahura hearken, in whose Adoration I have been instructed by Good Thought. By his wisdom let him teach me what is best, 7. Even he whose two awards, whereof he ordains, men shall attain, who so are living or have been or shall be. In immortality shall the soul of the righteous be joyful, in perpetuity shall be the torment of Liars. All this doth Mazda Ahura appoint by his Dominion. 8. Him thou shouldst seek to win for us by hymns of adoration (in thy mind): "Now indeed have I seen it with mine eye, (the Kingdom) of the good spirit [Spenta Mainyu -JHP] and of (good) action and word, since I have learnt to know Mazda Ahura through Right". Let us offer him homage in the House of Song [Heaven]. 9. Him thou shouldst seek to propitiate for us together with Good Thought, who at his will maketh us weal or woe. May Mazda Ahura by his Dominion bring us to work, for prospering our beasts and our men, so that we may through Right have familiarity with Good Thought. 10. Him thou shouldst seek to exalt with prayers of piety, him that is called Mazda Ahura for ever, for that he hath promised through his own Right and Good Thought that Welfare and Immortality shall be for us in his Dominion strength and perpetuity in his house. 11. Whoso therefore in the future lightly esteemeth the Daeva and
those mortals that lightly esteem him - even all others save that one
who highly esteemeth him, - unto his shall the holy Daena of the future
deliverer, as lord of the house, be friend, brother or father, O Mazda
Ahura. 46.1. To what land shall I go to flee, whither to flee? From nobles and from my peers they sever me, nor are the people pleased with me [......], nor the Liar rulers of the land. How am I to please thee, Mazda Ahura? 2. I know wherefore, O Mazda, I have been unable (to achieve) anything. Only a few herds are mine (and therefore it is so) and because I have got but few people. I cry unto thee, see thou to it, O Ahura, granting me support a friend gives to friend. Teach me through the Right what the acquisition of Good Thought is. 3. When, Mazda, shall the sunrisings come forth for the worlds winning of Right, through the powerful teachings of the wisdom of the future Deliverers? Who are they to whose help Good Thought shall come? I have faith that thou wilt thyself fulfill this for me, O Ahura. 4. The Liar stays the supporter of Right from prospering the cattle in district and province, infamous that he is, repellent in his actions. Whoso, Mazda, robs him of dominion or of life, he shall go before and prepare the ways of the good belief. 5. If an understanding man should be able to hold one who comes over from his vow and his ties of faith, himself having brought him thereto, and living according to the ordinance, a righteous man (converting) a Liar - then shall he, when he is sure of him, tell it to the nobles, that they may protect him from injury, O Mazda Ahura. 6. But whoso when thus approached should refuse his aid, he shall go to the abodes of the company of the Liar. For he is himself a Liar, who is very good to a Liar, he is a righteous man to whom a righteous man is dear, since thou hast created men's Selves in the beginning, O Ahura. 7. Whom, O Mazda, can one appoint as protector for one like me, when the Liar sets himself to injure me, other than Thy Fire and Thy Thought, through actions of which twain the Right will come to maturity, O Ahura? In this lore do thou instruct my very self. 8. Whoso is minded to injure my possessions, from his actions may no harm come to me! Back upon himself may they come with hostility, against his own person, all the hostile (acts), to keep him far from the Good Life, Mazda, not from the ill! 9. Who is it, the faithful man he, who first taught that we honor thee as mightiest to help, as the holy righteous Lord over action? What thy Right made known, what the Ox-Creator made known to Right, they would fain hear through thy Good Mind. 10. Whoso, man or woman, doeth what thou, Mazda Ahura, knowest as best in life, as destiny for what is Right (give him) the Dominion through Good Thought. And those whom I impel to your adoration, with all these will I cross the Bridge of the Separator. 11. By their dominion the Karapans and the Kavis accustomed mankind to evil actions, so as to destroy Life. Their own soul and their own self shall torment them when they come where the Bridge of the Separator is, to all time dwellers in the House of the Lie. 12. When among the laudable descendants and posterity of the Turanian Fryana the Right ariseth, through activity of Piety that blesseth substance; then shall Good Thought admit them, and Mazda Ahura give them protection at the Fulfillment. 13. Whoso among mortals has pleased Spitama Zarathushtra by his willingness, a man deserving of good fame, to him shall Mazda Ahura give Life, to him shall Good Thought increase substance, him we account to be a familiar friend with your Right. 14. O Zarathushtra, what righteous man is thy friend for the great covenant? Who wills to have good fame? It is the Kava Vishtaspa at the consummation. Those whom thou wilt unite in one house with thee, these will I call with words of Good Thought. 15. Ye Haechataspa Spitamas, I will declare unto ye so that ye can discern the wise and the unwise. ... Through these actions ye shall acquire Right according to the primeval laws of Ahura. 16. Frashaoshtra Hvogva, go thou thither with those faithful whom we both desire to be in blessedness, where with Right is united Piety, where the Dominion is in possession of Good Thought, where Mazda Ahura dwells to give it increase. 17. When, O Jamaspa Hvogva, when I recount your wrongs not your successes, (and) with your obedience the prayers of your loyalty, (before him) who shall separate the wise and the unwise through his prudent counselor the Right, even he, Mazda Ahura. 18. He that holds unto me, to him I promise what is best in my possession through the Good Thought, but enmities to him that shall set himself to devise enmity to us, O Mazda and the Right, desiring to satisfy your will. That is the decision of my understanding and thought. 19. He who accomplisheth for me, even Zarathushtra, in accordance
with Right that which best agrees with my will, to him as earning the
reward of the Other Life shall be that of two pregnant cows, with all
things whereon his mind is set. These things will thou bring to pass for
me who best knowest how, O Mazda. |
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Spentamainyush Gatha47. |
Translation by Bartholomae, from I.J.S. Taraporewala, The Divine Songs of Zarathushtra. Notes in square brackets [] were added by JHP. |
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1. For his holy Spirit and for Best Thought, deed, and word, in
accordance with Right Mazda Ahura with Dominion and Piety shall give us
Welfare and Immortality. |
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2. The best (work) of this most holy Spirit he fulfills with the
tongue through words of Good Thought, with work of his hands through the
action of Piety, by virtue of this knowledge: he, even Mazda, is the
Father of Right. |
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3. Thou art the holy Father of this Spirit, which has created for us
the luck-bringing cattle, and for its pasture to give it peace (has
created) Piety, when he had taken counsel, O Mazda, with Good Thought.
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4. From this Spirit have Liars fallen away, O Mazda, but not the
Righteous. Whether one is lord of little or of much, he is to show love
to the righteous, but be ill unto the Liar. |
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5. And all the best things which by this Holy Spirit thou hast
promised to the righteous, O Mazda Ahura, shall the Liar partake of them
without thy will, who by his actions is on the side of Ill Thought?
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6. Through this holy Spirit, Mazda Ahura, and through the Fire thou
wilt give the division of good to the two parties, with support of Piety
and Right. This verily will convert many who are ready to hear. 48. |
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1. When at the Recompensings the Right shall smite the Liar, so that
what was long since made known shall be assigned to eternity to Daevas
and men, then will it exalt with thy blessings, Ahura, him who prays to
thee. |
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2. Tell me, for thou art he that knows, O Ahura: - shall the
Righteous smite the Liar before the retributions come which thou hast
conceived? That were indeed a message to bless the world. |
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3. For him that knows, that is the best of teachings which the
beneficent Ahura teaches through the Right, he the holy one, even
thyself, O Mazda, that knows the secret lore through the wisdom of Good
Thought. |
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4. Whoso, O Mazda, makes his thought (now) better, (now) worse, and
likewise his Self by action and by word, and follows his own
inclinations, wishes, and choices, he shall in thy purpose be in a
separate place at last. |
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5. Let good rulers rule us, not evil rulers with the actions of the
Good Lore, O Piety! Perfect thou for man, O thou most good, the future
birth, and for the cow skilled husbandry. Let her grow fat for our
nourishing. |
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6. She (Armaiti) will give us peaceful dwelling, she will give
lasting life and strength, she the beloved of Good Thought. For it (the
cattle) Mazda Ahura made the plants to grow at the birth of the First
Life, through Right. |
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7. Violence must be put down! against cruelty make a stand, ye who
would make sure of the reward of Good Thought through Right, to whose
company the holy man belongs. His dwelling place shall be in thy House,
O Ahura. |
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8. Is the possession of thy good Dominion, Mazda, is that of thy
Destiny assured to me Ahura? Will thy manifestation, O thou Right, be
welcome to the pious, even the weighing of actions by the Good Spirit
[Spenta Mainyu -JHP]? |
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9. When shall I know whether ye have power, O Mazda and Right, over
everyone whose destructiveness is a menace to me? Let the revelation of
Good Thought be confirmed unto me; the future deliverer should know how
his own destiny shall be. |
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10. When, O Mazda, will the nobles understand the message? When will
thou smite the filthiness of this intoxicant, through which the Karapans
evilly deceive, and the wicked lords of the lands with purpose fell?1
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1. Martin Schwartz tr: "When will they ban(ish) the filth of that ditch/reciprocity-gift whereby ... the karapans commit plunder", 'thus Yasna 48.10 contains no reference to intoxication, let alone condemnation of haoma.' Flattery: 'the passage ... has nothing remotely to do with sauma.' (Flattery & Schwartz, Haoma and Harmaline, 1989, pp. 105, 6.) | |
11. When, O Mazda, shall Piety come with Right, with Dominion the
happy dwelling rich with pasture? Who are they that will make peace with
the bloodthirsty Liars? To whom will the Lore of Good Thought come?
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12. These shall be the deliverers [Saoshyants -JHP] of the provinces,
who exert themselves, O Good Thought in their action, O Asha, to fulfill
their duty, face to face with thy command, O Mazda. For these are the
appointed smiters of Violence. 49.1. Ever has Bendva been for me the greatest obstacle, I who desire to
give satisfaction to those who are neglected, O Right, O Mazda. With
good Ada come to me, support me firmly. Prepare for him (his) ruin, O
Good Thought. |
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2. The perverter of this Bendva has long time impeded me, the Liar
who has fallen away from Right. He cares not that holy Piety should be
his, nor takes the counsel with Good Thought, O Mazda. |
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3. And in this belief (of ours), O Mazda, Right is laid down, for
blessing, in the heresy the Lie, for ruin. Therefore I strive for the
fellowship of Good Thought, I forbid all intercourse with the Liar.
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4. They who make the increase of violence and cruelty with their
tongues, the foes of cattle-nurture among its friends; whose ill deeds
prevail, not their good deeds: these (shall be) in the house of the
Daevas, (the place for) the Self of the Liar. |
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5. But he, O Mazda, - happiness and satiety be his who links his own
Self with Good Thought, being through Right an intimate of Piety. And
with all these (may I be) in Thy Dominion, Ahura. |
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6. I beseech you twain, O Mazda and the Right, to say what are the
plans of your will, that we may discern how we might teach the Religion
of such as you, O Ahura. |
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7. And this let Good Thought hear, O Mazda, let the Right hear, do
thou also listen, O Ahura, which men of the brotherhood, what noble is
it according to the Law who brings to the community fame. |
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8. On Frashaoshtra do thou bestow the most gladsome fellowship with
the Right - this I ask thee, O Mazda Ahura - and on myself the hold on
what is good in thy Dominion. To all eternity we would be thy
messengers. |
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9. Let the helper hear the ordinance, he that is created to bring
deliverance. The man of right words is no regarder of fellowship with
the Liar, if they that are partakers of Right are to make their Selves
partake in the best reward at the Judgment, O Jamaspa. |
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10. And this, O Mazda, will I put in thy care within thy House - the
Good Thought and the souls of the Righteous, their worship, their Piety
and zeal, that thou mayst guard it, O thou mighty Dominion, with abiding
power. |
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11. But these that are of an evil dominion, of evil deeds, evil
words, evil Self, and evil thought, Liars, the Souls go to meet them
with evil food; in the House of the Lie they shall be meet inhabitants.
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12. What help hast thou, O Right, for Zarathushtra that calls upon
me? What hast thou, Good Thought? — for me who with praises seeks your
favor, O Mazda Ahura, longing for that which is best in your possession.
50.1. (Zarathushtra:) Can my soul count on any one for help? Who is
there found for my herd, who for myself a protector, indeed, at my call
other than the Right and thyself. O Mazda Ahura, and the Best Thought?
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2. How, O Mazda, should one desire the luck-bringing cattle, one who
would fain it would come to him with the pasture? |
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3. (Zarathushtra:) So this (reward) shall come to him through the
Right, O Mazda, (this reward) which by the Dominion and Good Thought he
promised, whomsoever by the power of his Destiny prospers the
neighboring possession that now the Liar holds. |
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4. I will worship you with praise, O Mazda Ahura, joined with Right
and Best Thought and Dominion, that they, desired of pious men, may
stand as Judges on the path of the obedient unto the House of Song.
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5. Assured by you, O Mazda Ahura and Right, are the pointings of the
hand - since you are well-disposed to your prophet - which shall bring
us to bliss, together with visible manifest help. |
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6. The prophet Zarathushtra, O Mazda, who lifts up his voice in
worship, as friend of Asha - may the Creator of Wisdom teach me his
ordinances through Good Thought, that my tongue may have a pathway.
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7. For you I will harness the swiftest steeds, stout and strong, by
the promptings of your praise, that ye may come hither, O Mazda, Right,
and Good thought. |
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8. Ever with verses that are recognized as those of pious zeal I will
come before you with outstretched hands, O Mazda, before you, O thou
Right, with worship of the faithful man, before you with all the
capacity of Good Thought. |
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9. With those prayers I would come and praise you, O Mazda and thou
Right, with actions of Good Thought. If I be master of my own destiny as
I will, then will I take thought for the portion of the wise in the
same. |
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10. Those actions that I shall achieve and those done aforetime, and
those, O Good Thought, that are precious in thy sight, the rays of the
sun, the shimmering uprisings of the days, all is for your praise, O
thou Right and Mazda Ahura. |
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11. Your praiser, Mazda, will I declare myself and be, so long, O
Right, as I have strength and power. May the Creator of the world
accomplish through Good Thought its fulfillment of all that most
perfectly answers to his will. |
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51. |
Translation by Bartholomae, from I.J.S. Taraporewala, The Divine Songs of Zarathushtra. Notes in square brackets [] were added by JHP. |
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1. The good, the precious Dominion, as a most surpassing portion, shall Right achieve for him that with zeal accomplishes what is best through his actions, O Mazda. This will I now work out for us. 2. Before all, O Mazda Ahura, assure me the Dominion of your possession, O Right, and what is thine, O Piety. Your (Dominion) of blessing give through Good Thought to him that prays. 3. Let your ears attend to those who in their deeds and utterances hold to your words, Ahura and Right, to those of Good Thought, for whom thou, Mazda, art the first teacher. 4. Where is the recompense for wrong to be found, where pardon for the same? Where shall they attain the Right? Where is the holy Piety, where Best Thought? Thy Dominions, where are they, O Mazda? 5. All this (I) ask, whether the husbandman shall find cattle in accordance with Right, he that is perfect in action, a man of understanding, when he prays to him, who hath promised unto the Wise the true Judge, in that he is Lord of the two destinies... 6. Even he, Ahura Mazda, who through his Dominion appoints what is better than good to him that is attached to his will, but what is worse than evil to him that obeys him not, at the last end of life. 7. Give me, O thou that didst create the Ox and Waters and Plants, Welfare and Immortality, by the Highest Spirit, O Mazda, strength and continuance through Good Thought at the (Judge's) sentence. 8. Of these two things will I speak, O Mazda, - for one may speak to the wise, - the ill that is threatened to the Liar, and the happiness of him who clings to the Right. For he, the Prophet, is glad of every one who says this to the wise. 9. What recompense thou wilt give to the two parties by thy red Fire, by the molten metal, give us a sign of it in our souls - even the bringing of ruin to the Liar, of blessing to the Righteous. 10. Whoso, other than this one, seeks to kill me, Mazda, he is a son of the Lie's creation, ill-willed thus towards all that live. I call the Right to come to me with good destiny. 11. What man is friend to Spitama Zarathushtra, O Mazda? Who will let himself be counseled by Right? With whom is holy Piety? Or who as an upright man is intent on the brotherhood of Good Thought? 12. The Kavi's wanton did not please Zarathushtra Spitama at the Winter Gate, in that he stayed him from taking refuge with him, and when there came to him also (Zarathushtra's) two steeds shivering with cold. 13. Thus the Self of the Liar destroys for himself the assurance of the right Way; whose soul shall tremble at the Revelation on the Bridge of the Separator, having turned aside with deeds and tongue from the Path of Right. 14. The Karapans will not obey the statutes and ordinances concerning husbandry. For the pain they inflict upon the cattle, fulfill upon them through their actions and judgments that judgment which at the last shall bring them to the House of the Lie. 15. When Zarathushtra hath promised to the men of his brotherhood, (which) in the House of Song Ahura Mazda hath first attained, for all this I have looked through your blessings, Good Thought, and those of Right. 16. Kavi Vishtaspa hath the creed which the holy Mazda Ahura with Right hath devised, together with the dominion of the Brotherhood, and the path of Good Thought. So be it accomplished after our desire. 17. The fair form of one that is dear hath Frashaoshtra Hvogva promised unto me: may sovereign Mazda Ahura grant that she attain possession of the Right for her good Self. 18. This creed Jamaspa Hvogva chooses through Right, lordly in substance. This Dominion they (choose) who have part in Good Thought. This grant me, Ahura, that they may find in thee, Mazda, their protection. 19. The man himself, O Maidyoi-Maungha Spitama, hath set this before him after conceiving it in his own self. He that would see life indeed, to him will he make known what in actions by Mazda's ordinance is better during (this) existence. 20. Your blessings shall ye give us, all that are one in will, with whom Right, Good Thought, Piety, and Mazda (are one) according to promise, giving your aid when worshipped with reverence. 21. By Piety the man becomes Holy. Such person advances Right through his thinking, his words, his action, his Self. By Good Thought Mazda Ahura will give the Dominion. For this good Destiny I long. 22. He, I ween, that Mazda Ahura knoweth among all that have been and
are, as one to whom in accordance with Right the best portion falls for
his prayer, these will I reverence by their own names and go before them
with honor. |
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52.A PRAYER FOR SANCTITY AND ITS BENEFITS. |
Translated by L. H. Mills (From Sacred Books of the East, American Edition, 1898.) |
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1. I pray with benedictions for a benefit, and for the good, even for the entire creation of the holy (and the clean); I beseech for them for the (generation which is) now alive, for that which is just coming into life, and for that which shall be hereafter. And (I pray for that) sanctity which leads to prosperity, and which has long afforded shelter, which goes on hand in hand with it, which joins it in its walk, and of itself becoming its close companion as it delivers forth its precepts, (2) bearing every form of healing virtue which comes to us in waters, appertains to cattle, or is found in plants, and overwhelming, all the harmful malice of the Daevas, (and their servants) who might harm this dwelling and its lord, (3) bringing good gifts, and better blessings, given very early, and later (gifts), leading to successes, and for a long time giving shelter. And so the greatest, and the best, and most beautiful benefits of sanctity fall likewise to our lot (4) for the sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and the praise of the Bountiful Immortals, for the bringing prosperity to this abode, and for the prosperity of the entire creation of the holy, and the clean, (and as for this, so) for the opposition of the entire evil creation. (And I pray for this) as I praise through Righteousness, I who am beneficent, those who are (likewise of a better mind). 5-8. (See Y8.5-8.) |
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Vahishtoishti Gatha53. |
Translation by Bartholomae, from I.J.S. Taraporewala, The Divine Songs of Zarathushtra. |
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1. (Zarathushtra) - The best possession known is of Zarathushtra Spitama, which is that Mazda Ahura will give him through Right the glories of blessed life unto all time, and likewise to them that practice and learn the words and actions of his Good Religion. 2. Then let them seek the pleasure of Mazda with thoughts, words, and actions, unto him praise gladly, and seek his worship, even Kava Vishtaspa, and Zarathushtra's son, the Spitamid, with Frashaoshtra, making straight the paths for the Religion of the future Deliverer which Ahura ordained. 3. Him, O Pouruchista, thou scion of Haechataspa and Spitama, youngest of Zarathushtra's daughters, hath (Zarathushtra) appointed as one to enjoin on them the fellowship with Good Thought, Right, and Mazda. So take counsel with thine own understanding, with good insight practice the holiest works of Piety. 4. (Jamaspa): Earnestly will I lead her to the Faith, that she may serve her father and her husband, the farmers and the nobles, as a righteous woman (serving) the righteous. The glorious heritage of Good Thought ... shall Mazda Ahura give to her for all time. 5. (Zarathushtra): Teachings address I to maidens marrying, and to you (bridegrooms) giving counsel. Lay them to heart and learn to get them within your Selves in earnest attention to the Life of Good Thought. Let each of you strive to excel the other in the Right, for it will be a prize for that one. 6. So is it in fact, ye men and women! Whatever happiness ye look for in the follower of the (...) that will be snatched away from his person. To them the Liars, crying 'woe', shall be ill-food, paradise shall be lost to them that despite righteousness. In such wise ye destroy for yourselves the Spiritual Life. 7. And to you shall accrue the reward of the Brotherhood - in so far as the most faithful zeal is in your flesh and blood - there where the spirit of the Liar, cringing and cowering, shall fall down into destruction. If you separate yourselves from the Brotherhood, then will 'woe!' be your word at the end of things. 8. So they whose deeds are evil, let them be deceived, and let them all howl, abandoned to ruin. Through good rulers let him bring death and bloodshed upon them and peace from these (their assaults) unto the happy villagers. Grief let him bring on those, he that is the greatest, with the lord of death; and soon let it be. 9. To men of evil creed belongs the place of corruption. They that
set themselves to contemn the worthy, despising righteousness,
forfeiting their own body. - Where is the Righteous Lord who shall rob
them of life and freedom? Thine Mazda is the Dominion, whereby thou
canst give to the right-living poor man the better portion. 54. The Airyema-Ishyo.1. Let the Airyaman, the desired friend and peersman, draw near for grace to the men and to the women who are taught of Zarathushtra, for the joyful grace of the Good Mind, whereby the conscience may attain its wished-for recompense. I pray for the sacred reward of the ritual order which is (likewise so much) to be desired; and may Ahura Mazda grant it, (or cause it to increase). 2. We sacrifice to the Airyema-ishyo, the powerful, the victoriously
smiting, the opponent of assaulting malice, the greatest of the
sentences of the holy ritual order. And we sacrifice to the bounteous
Gathas that rule supreme in the ritual, the holy (and august). And we
sacrifice to the Praises of the Yasna which were the productions of the
world of old. 55.THE WORSHIP OF THE GATHAS AS CONCLUDED, THAT OF THE STAOTA YESNYA AS BEGINNING.1. We present hereby and we make known, as our offering to the bountiful Gathas which rule (as the leading chants) within (the appointed times and seasons of) the Ritual, all our landed riches, and our persons, together with our very bones and tissues, our forms and forces, our consciousness, our soul, and Fravashi. 2. That which Gathas (may) be to us, which are our guardians and
defenders, and our spiritual food, yea, which (may) be to our souls both
food and clothing, such are these Gathas to us, guardians, and
defenders, and (spiritual) food, even such they are, both food and
clothing to the soul. 4. And may'st thou, (O Asha! who abidest within the Gathas), give to every holy man who comes with this prayer for a blessing, and endeavoring to help himself, according to his good thoughts, and words, and deeds. 5. We are therefore worshipping both the (divine) Righteousness and
the Good Mind, and the bountiful Gathas, that rule as the leading chants
within (the times and the seasons of) the holy ritual order. 6. And we worship the Praises of the Yasna which were the production
of the ancient world, those which are (now) recollected and put in use,
those which are now learned and taught, those which are being held (in
mind, and so) repeated, those remembered and recited, and those
worshipped, and thus the ones which further the world through grace in
its advance. 56.INTRODUCTION TO THE SROSH YASHT.1. Let Sraosha (the listening Obedience) be present here for the worship of Ahura Mazda, the most beneficent, and holy, of him) who is desired by us as at the first, so at the last; and so again may attentive Obedience be present here for the worship of Ahura Mazda, the most beneficent and the holy who (is so) desired by us. 2. (Yea), let Sraosha (the attentive Obedience) be present here for
the worship of the good waters, and for the Fravashis of the saints
which are so desired by us, [and for (their) souls], as at the first, so
at the last. 3. Let Sraosha (the listening Obedience) be present here for the worship of the good waters; yea, let the good Obedience be here for the worship of the good and bountiful Immortals who rule aright, and dispose (of all) aright, the good, and for the worship of the good Sanctity, or Blessedness, who is closely knit with the Righteous Order, to perfect us, and to incite us. May Sraosha (Obedience) be here present for the worship of the good waters, he the good and the holy, as at the first, so at the last. 4. And so again may Sraosha, (Obedience) the good, be present here
for the worship of the good waters, and of the good and bountiful
Immortals, and of Blessedness the good who is closely knit with the
Righteous Order to perfect and to incite us. Yea, we worship Sraosha the
blessed and the stately, who smites with victory, and who furthers the
settlements in their advance, the holy lord of the ritual order. 57.THE SROSH YASHT.1. A blessing is Righteousness (called) the Best, &c. I.2. We worship Sraosha, (Obedience, the blessed, the stately, him who smites with the blow of victory, and who furthers the settlements, the holy, (ruling) as the ritual lord. Him do we worship, who in the creation of Mazda the first adored Ahura, with the Baresman spread, who worshipped the Bountiful Immortals (first), who worshipped both the protector and the Creator, who are (both) creating all things in the creation. 3. For his splendor and his glory, for his might, and the blow which smites with victory, I will worship him with the Yasna of the Yazads, with a Yasna loud intoned, him Obedience the blessed, with the consecrated waters, and the good Blessedness, the lofty, and Nairya-sangha, the stately; and may he draw near to us to aid us, he who smites with victory, Obedience the blessed! 4. We worship Sraosha, Obedience the blessed, and that lofty Lord who
is Ahura Mazda Himself, Him who has attained the most to this our
ritual, Him who has approached the nearest to us in our celebrations.
And we worship all the words of Zarathushtra, and all the deeds well
done (for him), both those that have been done (in times gone by), and
those which are yet to be done (for him in times to come). II.5. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed and the stately, him
who smites with the blow of victory, who prospers the settlements, the
holy ritual lord, (6) who first spread forth the Baresman, and the three
bundles, and the five bundles, and the seven bundles, and the nine, till
it was heaped for us knee-high, and to the middle of the thighs, for the
Bountiful Immortals, for their worship, and their homage, and their
propitiation, and their praise. III.7. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, the stately, who smites with the blow of victory, who furthers the settlements, the holy ritual chief. 8. Who first chanted the Gathas, the five Gathas of Zarathushtra, the
Spitama, the holy (with the fashion) of their metres, and after the
well-constructed order of their words, together with the Zand which they
contain, and the questions which they utter, and the answers which they
give, for the Bountiful Immortals, for their sacrifice and homage, their
propitiation, and their praise. IV.9. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed and the stately, who
smites with the blow of victory, and who furthers the settlements, the
holy ritual chief, (10) who for the poor among (our) men and women built
a mighty house, who after sunset, and with his leveled battle-ax, smites
Aeshema bloody wounds, and having struck the head, casts him lightly (?)
(to the earth), as the stronger (smites) the weaker. V.11. We worship Sraosha, Obedience the blessed and the stately, him
who smites with the blow of victory, who furthers the settlements, the
holy ritual chief, as the energetic, and the swift, the strong, the
daring (and redoubted) hero, (12) who comes back from all his battles
(and comes from them) a conqueror, who amid the Bountiful ImmortaIs sits
as companion at their meeting. VI.13. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, who is the strongest and most persistent of the youths, the most energetic, and the swiftest, who of all the youths strikes most with terror I from afar (?). [Be ye desirous, O ye Mazdayasnians! of the Yasna of Obedience the blessed.] 14. Far from this house, this village, and this tribe, and from this
country, the evil and destructive terrors (shall) depart. In the
dwelling of that man in whose abode Obedience the blessed, who smites
victoriously, is satisfied and welcomed, there is that holy man who thus
contents him (most) forward in the thinking better thoughts, in the
speaking truthful ritual) words, and in the doing holy deeds. VII.15. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed and the stately, who is the conqueror of the Kayadha, and the Kaidhya, who was the smiter of the Lie-demon of the Daevas, the one veritably powerful, the destroyer of the world, who is the guardian and watchman over all the migrations (?) of the tribes. 16. Who sleeplessly and vigilant guards the creatures of Ahura, who
sleeplessly and with vigilance saves them, who with halberd raised on
high guards all the corporeal world after setting of the sun, (17) who
has never slept in quiet since the two Spirits made the worlds, [the
bounteous and the evil one] who guards the homes of Asha, who battles
all (?) the days long and the nights with all the Daevas [(Pazand) the
Mazanian], (18) nor terror-stricken does he turn in affright before
(their power); but before him all the Daevas turn in affright against
their will, and rush to darkness in their fear. VIII.19. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, whom Haoma worshipped
on the highest height of high Haraiti, he Haoma, the reviver, and the
healer, the beautiful, the kingly, of the golden eye, (20) of the
gracious words, of the warning and the guarding words, who intones our
hymns on every side, who possesses understanding and of every brilliant
form, which abounds in many an explanation and revelation of the word,
who has the first place in the Mathra. IX.21. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, whose house stands
with its thousand pillars, as victorious, on the highest height of high
Haraiti, self-lighted from within, star-studded from without, (22) to
whom the Ahuna-vairya has come, the ax of victory, and the Haptanghaiti,
and the Fshusho-mathra which smites with victory, and all the Yasna
sections. X.23. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, by whose might and victorious power, and wise conduct, and (full) knowledge, the Bountiful Immortals descend upon this earth of seven quarters. 24. Who as teacher of the law will stride forth upon this earth with
its dwellers in the body, and ruling as he will. 25. O Sraosha (Obedience), thou blessed one, and stately! protect us
for the lives; yea, for both, (for that) of this world which is
corporeal, and for the world of mind, against unhappy death, and the
remorseless Wrath of rapine, against the hosts with ill-intent, who lift
their bloody spears against us; yea, against their assaults whom the
Wrath-demon will set on, and Vidhatu, demon-made. 26. Therefore may'st
thou, O Sraosha, the blessed and the stately! grant swiftness to our
teams, soundness to our bodies, and abundant observation of our foes,
and their smiting (as we mark them), and their sudden death. XI.27. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, whom four racers draw
in harness, white and shining, beautiful, and powerful, quick to learn,
and fleet, obeying before speech, heeding orders from the mind, with
their hoofs of horn gold-covered, (28) fleeter than (our) horses,
swifter than the winds, more rapid than the rain(-drops as they fall);
yea, fleeter than the clouds, or well-winged birds, or the we shot arrow
as it flies, (29) which overtake these swift ones all, as they fly after
them pursuing, but which are never overtaken when they flee, which
plunge away from both the weapons (hurled on this side and on that) and
draw Sraosha with them, the good Sraosha and the blessed; which from
both the weapons (those on this side and on that) bear the good
Obedience the blessed, plunging forward in their zeal, when he takes his
course from India on the East, and when he lights down in the West. XII.30. We worship Obedience the blessed and the stately, who though
lofty and so high, yea, even to the girdle, yet stoops to Mazda's
creatures, (31) who thrice within the day, and three times of a night,
will drive on to that Karshvar Hvaniratha, called the luminous, as he
holds in both the hands and poizes his knife-like battle-ax, which flies
as of itself, and to cleave the Daevas' skulls, (32) to hew down Angra
Mainyu, the wicked, and to hew down Rapine of the bloody spear, to hew
down the Daevas of Mazendran, and every Demon-god. XIII.33. We worship Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed and the stately, him
who smites with victory, both here and not here, and on this entire
earth. And we worship all the (gifts) of Sraosha (Obedience) the
blessed, the mighty, and the strong, whose body is the Mathra. 58.THE FSHUSHO MATHRA.1. (Introduction.) (To the increase of our homage and praise of God)
we offer this service which, as our defense, may shield us, which is
worship with its beneficent results; and Blessedness is with it of a
verity, and Piety as well. [ (Pazand) and of this worship the results
here mentioned are the well-thought thought, the word well spoken, and
the deed well done]; and let this our worship shelter us from the Daeva
and from the evil-minded man. 2. And to this worship do we confide our
settlements and persons for protection and care, for guarding, and for
oversight; (3) and in this worship will we abide, O Ahura Mazda! and
with joy. MATHRA.4. The owner of herds is the righteous (one), and he is victorious when he strikes, and thus he is the best; [(Pazand) we therefore offer (this) service (for herd-owners)] for the herd-owner is the father of the Kine by the help of him who follows the ritual order: and he is the father of the holy man as well, and of the sanctified creation. He is in verity the bestower of blessings, and to him, O Ye Bountiful Immortals! we render, (and his do we make) Your greatness, Your goodness, and Your (spiritual) beauty, and let this man, the cattle-owner, approach to guard over us; and may he be our watchman together with the Righteous Order, and with store for our nourishment and full generous liberality, together with sharing of the goods, with gentleness, and with Ahura Mazda's sacred Fire! 5. O Ye Bountiful Immortals! as Ye have made us, so do Ye save us, holy men, and saintly women (as we are, and steadfast in the faith)l. Save us, O Ye Bountiful Immortals! Ye who rule aright, and who dispose (of all) aright, for none other do I know, save You; then with Your Righteousness do Ye save us. 6. And we offer hereby our thoughts, and words, and actions, our herds, and men, to the Bountiful Spirit. And may the creative stars of Ahura Mazda, the Creator, shine down on us, and round about us with full herds and healthy settlements, with healthy herds and healthy men, and with all in vigor, and endowed with the blessing of the Lord. 7. Praise to Thee, O Fire of Ahura Mazda I may'st thou come to (us in) the greatest one of the engrossing interests for the help of the great (effort), for the joy-producing grace of the great (interest of our cause); grant us both Weal and Deathlessness! 8. We sacrifice to the entire collection of the Praises of the Yasna,
with the careful structure of their language which has reached the most
its object. And we offer (our homage) in our celebrations to Thy body, O
Ahura Mazda! the most beautiful of forms, these stars, and to that one,
the highest of the high [(Pazand) such as the sun was called]. Yea, we
worship the Praises of the Yasna which were the production of the world
of old. 59.MUTUAL BLESSINGS.1-17. (See Y17.1-17.) 18-27. (See Y26.1-10.) 28. We worship Verethraghna, the Ahura-made, the victorious blow; and we worship the Saoshyant, who smites with victory; and we sacrifice to this Baresman with its Zaothra and its girdle (which is its band) and which is spread with sanctity. And we sacrifice to (our) own soul(s), and to (our) own Fravashi(s). 29. (See Y17.19.) 30. (The Ratu speaks): O thou good (servant of the Lord)! may that be thine which is better than the good; may'st thou acquire that which is (thine) own in the Zaothra; may'st thou attain to that reward which the Zaotar has been obtaining, who is far advanced in his good thoughts, and words, and deeds. 31. (The Zaotar speaks): May that happen to you (likewise) which is
better than the good, and may that not happen which is worse than the
evil, and may that likewise not be my lot. 32. As (our) Ahu (is)
excellent, so (is our) Ratu (one who rules) from his Righteousness, a
creator of mental goodness, and of life's actions done for Mazda, and
the Kingdom (is) to Ahura which to the poor will offer a nurturer. A
blessing is Asha called the Best, &c. We sacrifice to the Ahuna-vairya;
we sacrifice to Asha Vahishta the most beautiful, the Bountiful
Immortal. And we sacrifice to the Fshusho-mathra, the by-spoken. And we
sacrifice to the entire collection of the Praises of the Yasna; (yea),
to the Yasna Praises which were instituted in the world of yore. 60.PRAYERS FOR THE DWELLING OF THE SACRIFICER.1. Thus that better than the good may he approach, who shows to us straight paths of profit appertaining to this bodily life and to the mental likewise, in the eternal (?) realms where dwells Ahura; yea, may he approach it, who is Thy worthy servant, and good citizen, O Great giver Lord! 2. May these blessings approach this house, which are the wise perceptions of the saints, the sacred blessings bestowed through the ritual, their guileless characteristics, together with their recognition of what is due; and may the Righteous Order appear for this village, and the Divine Sovereign Power, together with the benefit and glorious welfare (which ensues), 3. And with these the long enduring prominence of this Religion of Ahura's, the Zarathushtrian Faith. And may the Kine be now with greatest speed within (the farm-yard of) this house, most speedily may the rewarded sanctity and the strength of the holy man be here, most speedily as well Ahura's lore. 4. And may the good and heroic and bountiful Fravashis of the saints come here, and may they go hand in hand with us with the healing virtues of (their) blessed gifts as wide-spread as the earth, as far-spread as the rivers, as high-reaching as the sun, for the furtherance of the better men, for the hindrance of the hostile, and for the abundant growth of riches and of glory. 5. May Sraosha (Obedience) conquer disobedience within this house, and may peace triumph over discord here, and generous giving over avarice, reverence over contempt, speech with truthful words over lying utterance. May the Righteous Order gain the victory over the Demon of the Lie. 6. As in this (house) the Bountiful Immortals seek for good Yasnas and good praises from the blessed Sraosha (who governs here), and as they seek for (one) good sacrifice and act of homage (more especially their own) which is a good offering (to them) for (our) salvation, and a good offering in praise, together with a long continued offering of the entire self, (7) let not then (their) brilliant glory ever desert this house, nor the bright abundance, nor an illustrious offspring legitimately born, nor that long continued companionship which is the furtherance of that good blessedness which teaches concerning glory. 8-10. (= Y8.5-7). 11. In order that our minds may be delighted, and our souls the best,
let our bodies be glorified as well, and let them; O Mazda! go likewise
openly (unto Heaven) as the best world of the saints as devoted to
Ahura, (12) and accompanied by Asha Vahishta (who is Righteousness the
Best), and the most beautiful! And may we see Thee, and may we,
approaching, come around about Thee, and attain to entire companionship
with Thee! And we sacrifice to the Righteous Order, the best, the most
beautiful, the bounteous Immortal! 61.1. Let us peal forth the Ahuna-vairya in our liturgy between the heaven and earth, and let us send forth the Asha Vahishta in our prayer the same, and the Yenhe hatam. And let us send forth in our liturgies between the heaven and earth the pious and good prayer of the pious man for blessings, (2) for the encounter with, and for the displacement of Angra Mainyu with his creatures which are likewise evil as he is, for he is filled with death (for those whom he has made). Aye, let us send that petition forth for the encounter with, and for the dislodgment of the Kahvaredhas and of the individual Kahvaredha the male, and the female (to the last individual of each), (3) and for the encounter with, and the dislodgment of the Kayadhas, and of the individual Kayadhians, male and female, and of the thieves and robbers, of the Zandas, and the sorcerers, of the covenant breakers, and of those who tamper with the covenants. 4. Yea, we send it forth for the encounter with, and for the overthrow of the murderers of the saints, and of those who hate and torment us for our Faith, and of those who persecute the ritual, and the tyrant full of death. Yea, let us peal them forth for the encounter with and the overthrow of the wicked, O Zarathushtra Spitama! whoever they may be, whose thoughts, and words, and works are not congenial to the holy ritual laws. 5. And how shall we drive the Demon of the Lie from hence from us?
Aye, how shall we, the prophets who are yet to serve and save (thy
people), drive the Druj from hence, so that we, having power over her as
being utterly without power, may drive her hence with blow from the
seven Karshvars, for the encounter with, and for the dislodgment of the
entire evil world? 62.TO THE FIRE.1. I offer my sacrifice and homage to thee, the Fire, as a good offering, and an offering with our hail of salvation, even as an offering of praise with benedictions, to thee, the Fire, O Ahura Mazda's son! Meet for sacrifice art thou, and worthy of (our) homage. And as meet for sacrifice, and thus worthy of our homage, may'st thou be in the houses of men (who worship Mazda). Salvation be to this man who worships thee in verity and truth, with wood in hand, and Baresman ready, with flesh in hand, and holding too the mortar. 2. And may'st thou be (ever) fed with wood as the prescription orders. Yea, may'st thou have thy perfume justly, and thy sacred butter without fail, and thine andirons regularly placed. Be of full-age as to thy nourishment, of the canon's age as to the measure of thy food, O Fire, Ahura-Mazda's son! 3. Be now aflame within this house; be ever without fail in flame; be all ashine within this house; be on thy growth within this house; for long time be thou thus to the furtherance of the heroic (renovation), to the completion of (all) progress, yea, even till the good heroic (millennial) time when that renovation shall have become complete. 4. Give me, O Fire, Ahura Mazda's son! a speedy glory, speedy nourishment, and speedy booty, and abundant glory, abundant nourishment, abundant booty, an expanded mind, and nimbleness of tongue for soul and understanding, even an understanding continually growing in its largeness, and that never wanders, and long enduring virile power, (5) an offspring sure of foot, that never sleeps on watch [not for a third part of the day, or night], and that rises quick from bed, and likewise a wakeful offspring, helpful to nurture, or reclaim, legitimate, keeping order in men's meetings, (yea,) drawing men to assemblies through their influence and word, grown to power, skillful, redeeming others from oppression, served by many followers, which may advance my line (in prosperity and fame), and (my) Vis, and my Zantu, and (my) province, (yea, an offspring) which may deliver orders to the Province as (firm and righteous rulers). 6. And may'st thou grant me, O Fire, Ahura Mazda's Son! that whereby instructors may be (given) me, now and for evermore, (giving light to me of Heaven) the best life of the saints, brilliant, all glorious. And may I have experience of the good reward, and the good renown, and of the long forecasting preparation of the soul. 7. The Fire of Ahura Mazda addresses this admonition to all for whom he cooks the night and morning (meal). From all these, O Spitama! he wishes to secure good care, and healthful care (as guarding for salvation), the care of a true praiser. 8. At both the hands of all who come by me, I, the Fire, keenly look: What brings the mate to his mate (thus I say to him), the one who walks at large, to him who sits at home? [We worship the bounteous Fire, the swift-driving charioteer.] 9. And if this man who passes brings him wood brought (with good measure that is) with sacred care, or if he brings the Baresman spread with sanctity, or the Hadhanaepata plant, then afterwards Ahura Mazda's Fire will bless him, contented, not offended, and in (its) satisfaction (saying thus). 10. May a herd of kine be with thee, and a multitude of men, may an active mind go with thee, and an active soul as well. As a blest soul may'st thou live through thy life, the nights which thou shall live. This is the blessing of the Fire for him who brings it wood (well) dried, sought out for flaming, purified with the earnest blessing of the sacred ritual truth. 11. We strive after the flowing on of the good waters, and their ebb as well, and the sounding of their waves, desiring their propitiation; I desire to approach them with my praise. 12. (= Y3.24-25). 63.(See Y15.2; Y66.2; Y38.3.) 64.(See Y46.3; Y50.6-11.) 65.TO ARDVI SURA ANAHITA, AND THE WATERS.1. I will praise the water Ardvi Sura Anahita, the wide-flowing (as it is) and healing in its influence, efficacious against the Daevas, devoted to Ahura's lore, and to be worshipped with sacrifice within the corporeal world, furthering all living things (?) and holy, helping on the increase and improvement of our herds and settlements, holy, and increasing our wealth, holy, and helping on the progress of the Province, holy (as she is)? 2. (Ardvi Sura Anahita) who purifies the seed of all male beings, who sanctifies the wombs of all women to the birth, who makes all women fortunate in labor, who brings all women a regular and timely flow of milk, (3) (Ardvi Sura Anahita) with a volume sounding from afar, which is alone equal in its bulk to all the waters which flow forth upon earth, which flows down with mighty volume from high Hukairya to the sea Vouru-kasha. 4. And all the gulfs in Vouru-kasha are stirred (when it falls down), all the middle doth well up when Ardvi Sura Anahita rushes in, when she plunges foaming into them, she, whose are a thousand tributaries, and a thousand outlets, and each as it flows in, or rushes out, is a forty days' ride in length to a rider mounted well. 5. And the (chief) outlet to this one water (Ardvi Sura Anahita) goes apart, dividing to all the seven Karshvars. And this outlet to my river, Ardvi Sura Anahita, bears off its water always in summer and in winter. This my river purifies the seed of men, and wombs of women, and women's milk. 6. Let the saints' Fravashis now draw near, those of the saints who live, or have lived, of those born, or yet to be born; yea, let them come near which have borne these waters up stream from the nearest ones (that lie below as the outlet pours away) 7. Let not our waters be for the man of ill intent, of evil speech, or deeds, or conscience; let them not be for the offender of a friend, not for an insulter of a Magian, nor for one who harms the workmen, nor for one who hates his kindred. And let not our good waters (which are not only good, but) best, and Mazda-made, help on the man who strives to mar our settlements which are not to be corrupted, nor him who would mar our bodies, (our) uncorrupted (selves), (8) nor the thief, or bludgeon-bearing ruffian who would slaughter the disciples, nor a sorcerer, nor a burrier of dead bodies, nor the jealous, nor the niggard, nor the godless heretic who slays disciples, nor the evil tyrant among men. Against these may our waters come as torments. As destructive may these come (?), may they come to him who has done those first (foul evils), as to him who does the last. 9. O waters! rest still within your places while the invoking priest
shall offer. 12. And this do I beseech of you, O waters, this, O ye lands, and this, ye plants! This wealth and offspring I beseech of You, O Ye Bountiful Immortals, who rule aright, who dispose (of all) aright, O Ye good beings, male and female, givers of good things; and this I beseech of you, O ye beneficent, mighty, and overwhelming Fravashis of the saints, and this (of thee), O Mithra of the wide pastures, and this of thee, O blest and stately Sraosha; and of thee, O Rashnu the most just, and of thee, O Fire, Ahura Mazda's son; and of thee, O lofty lord, the royal Apam-napat, of the fleet horses; aye, of You all, ye Yazads, bestowers of the better gifts and holy. 13. And this do ye therefore grant me, O ye holy waters, and ye lands! 14. And grant me likewise what is still greater than this all, and still better than this all, and more beautiful, and more exceeding precious (and that is, Immortality and Welfare), O Ye Yazads, holy and ruling mightily, and powerful at once, and grant it speedily according to this Gathic (?) word: (Yea), by veritable grace let that be done (?) for us which is most promotive of our weal. 15. And according to this further word again: Grant me, Thou who art maker of the Kine, the plants, and the waters, Immortality and likewise Weal, O Ahura Mazda, Thou most bounteous Spirit. And grant me these two eternal gifts through Thy Good Mind in the doctrine. 16-18. (See Y15.2; Y56.3-4.) 66.TO THE AHURIAN ONE.1. I am now offering this Zaothra here with sanctity, together with the Haoma and the flesh, and the Hadhanaepata lifted up with sacred regularity as to thee, O Ahurian One, for the propitiation of Ahura Mazda, of the Bountiful Immortals, of Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, and of the Fire of Ahura Mazda, the ritual's lofty lord. 2. (=Y7,5-19.) 3. (=Y22, Y28.24-27.) 67.1-4. (See Y23.1-4, replacing 'I desire to approach with sanctity' by 'I offer with sanctity;' see also Y7.24.) 5-7. (See Y38.3-5.) 68.TO THE AHURIAN ONE, AND THE WATERS.1. We offer this to thee, O Ahurian (daughter) of Ahura! as a help (?) for life. If we have offended thee, let this Zaothra then attain to thee (for satisfaction), for it is thine with its Haoma, and its milk, and its Hadhanaepata. 2. And may'st thou approach to me for milk and for libation, a Zaothra! as health, for healing, and for progress, for growth and in preparation for ceremonial merit, for good renown, for equanimity and for that victory which makes the settlements advance. 3. Yea, we worship thee with sacrifice, O thou Ahurian (daughter) of Ahura with the Zaothras of the good thought; and we worship, O Ahura, one with the Zaothras of the good word and deed (4) for the enlightenment of the thoughts, and words, and actions, for preparation for the soul, for the settlement's advance, and to prepare the saints endowed with ritual merit. 5. And grant me, O thou Ahurian One! Heaven, and to have an offspring manly and legitimate, who may promote my house, my village, my tribe and province, and the authority thereof. 6. We sacrifice to thee, O thou Ahurian one! And we sacrifice to the sea Vouru-kasha, and to all waters upon earth, whether standing, or running, or waters of the well, or spring-waters which perennially flow, or the drippings of the rains, or the irrigations of canals. 7. With this hymn from the (spirit of) the Yasna do we worship thee, and with the homage which it offers as it is the most legitimate Yasna, and homage of them (all) because of Righteousness the Best. We sacrifice to the good waters, and to the best, which Mazda created. 8. And we sacrifice to the two, to the milk and to the libation, which make the waters flow, and the plants sprout forth, opposing therein the Dragon Daeva-made, for the arrest of that cheat the Pairika, and to contradict the insulting malice of the Ashemaogha (the disturber and destroyer of our Faith), and of the unholy tyrant full of death, and of the human Daeva (worshipper) of hateful malice (and intent). 9. And may'st thou hear our sacrificial chants O thou Ahurian (daughter) of Ahura! Yea, be propitiated by our Yasna, O Ahurian one! and so may'st thou be present at our Yasna; may'st thou come to us to help, as we chant our full-offered Yasht with the full offering of Zaothras. 10. If any man shall sacrifice to you, O ye good waters, the Ahurian
ones of Ahura! with the best and most fitting Zaothras offered piously,
(11) to that man ye give both splendor and glory, with health and vigor
of the body and prominence of form; yea, to him ye give possessions
which entail abundant glory, and a legitimate scion, and a long enduring
life, and (Heaven at the last), the best life of the saints, shining,
all glorious. 12. And to me also do ye now give it, to me who am
offering this Yasna as a priest. 14. (The Zaotar speaks): I beseech with my benediction for a safe abode, for a joyful and a long abode for the dwellers in this village from whence these Zaothras (which I offer come). And I pray in my benediction for a safe abode, and a quiet and a joyful one, and a long abiding to every Mazdayasnian village, and for a succor even with my wants, for a succor with salutations of salvation, and for one with praises, O Fire! and for thee, O Ahurian one of Ahura! do I ask the fullest Yasht. 15. And I pray for (?) Raman Hvastra for this Province, and for healthfulness and healing. And I pray for it with my blessing for you pious men, for all. And I pray for him who is saintly with (true) goodness, whosoever he may be, between heaven and the earth, for a thousand healing remedies, and for ten thousand of the same. 16-19. (See Y8.5-8.) 20. Thus may it happen as I pray. 21. And by this may I gain (that) blessing, the good Blessedness (our sanctity rewarded). And we address, and we invoke religious zeal and capability, and the waters with our Yasna thus: O ye good waters! since (they are) yours, do ye, as you are asked, grant splendor and grant glory, ye who are well able so to give; and do ye, O ye waters! grant (once more) that helpful blessing which was gained from you of old! 22. Praise (be) to Ahura Mazda, and to the Bountiful Immortals.
Praise (be) to Mithra of the wide pastures. Praise to the fleet-horsed
sun. Praise to (the star which so we name, and with this sun) Ahura
Mazda's eyes. Praise to the Kine (the herds of blessed gift). Praise to
Gaya (Maretan) [Gayomard] and to the Fravashi of Zarathushtra (first of)
saints; yea, praise to the entire creation of the holy (and the clean),
to those now living, and to those just passing into life, and to those
of days to come 23. And do Thou then Ahura, as in answer to these our
prayers and songs of praise, cause us to prosper to salvation through
Thy Good Mind, the Sovereign Power, and Thy Righteous Order (in Thy
ritual and law)! 69.(This chapter is composed of fragments: see Y15.2 and Y51.1 and 22.)
70.TO THE BOUNTIFUL IMMORTALS, AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF RELIGION.1. I would worship these (the Bountiful Immortals) with my sacrifice, those who rule aright, and who dispose (of all) aright, and this one (especially) I would approach with my praise, (Ahura Mazda). He is thus hymned (in our praise-songs). Yea, we worship in our sacrifice that deity and lord, who is Ahura Mazda, the Creator, the gracious helper, the maker of all good things; and we worship in our sacrifice Zarathushtra Spitama, that chieftain (of the rite). 2. And we would declare those institutions established for us, exact
(and undeviating as they are). And I would declare forth those of Ahura
Mazda, those of the Good Mind, and of Asha Vahishta (who is
Righteousness the Best), and those of Khshatra-vairya (the Realm to be
desired), and those of the Bountiful Aramaiti (the Piety within us), and
those of Weal and Immortality, and those which appertain to the body of
the Kine, and to the Kine's soul, and those which appertain to Ahura
Mazda's Fire, (3) and those of Sraosha (Obedience) the blessed, and of
Rashnu the most just, and those of Mithra of the wide pastures, and of
(the good and) holy Wind, and of the good Mazdayasnian Religion, and of
the good and pious Prayer for blessings, and those of the good and pious
Prayer which frees one from belying, and the good and pious Prayer for
blessing against unbelieving words. 4. (And these we would declare) in
order that we may attain unto that speech which is uttered with (true)
religious zeal, or that we may be as prophets of the provinces, that we
may succor him who lifts his voice (for Mazda), that we may be as
prophets who smite with victory, the befriended of Ahura Mazda, and
persons the most useful to Him, holy men (indeed) who think good
thoughts, and speak good words, and do good deeds. 5. That he may
approach us with the Good Mind, and that (our souls) may advance in
good, let it thus come; yea, 'how may my soul advance in good? let it
thus advance.' 6. We praise the flood and ebb of the good waters, and their roar, and that high Ahura, the royal Apam-napat, the glittering one, of the fleet horses; and this for the sacrifice, and homage, and propitiation, and praise of the entire holy creation; and may Sraosha (Obedience) be here (to aid us). 7. (Yea), we sacrifice to Sraosha, Obedience the blessed. 71.THE YASNA CONCLUDING.1. Frashaoshtra, the holy, asked the saintly Zarathushtra: Answer me,
O thou most eminent Zarathushtra, what is (in very truth) the memorized
recital of the rites? 2. Upon this Zarathushtra said: (It is as follows.) We worship Ahura Mazda with our sacrifice (as) the holy lord of the ritual order; and we sacrifice to Zarathushtra likewise as to a holy lord of the ritual order; and we sacrifice also to the Fravashi of Zarathushtra, the saint. And we sacrifice to the Bountiful Immortals, (the guardians) of the saints. 3. And we sacrifice to (all) the good heroic and bounteous Fravashis of the saints, of the bodily (world on earth), and of the mental (those in Heaven). And we worship that one of ritual lords who attains the most his ends; and we sacrifice to that one of the Yazads, lords of the ritual order, who is the most strenuous, who gains the most, who reaches most to what he seeks, even that well-timed Prayer which is the prayer of that holy ritual lord, and which has approached the nearest (to us for our help). 4. We sacrifice to Ahura Mazda, the holy lord of the ritual order, and we worship His entire body, and we worship the Bountiful Immortals all; and we worship all the ritual lords. And we sacrifice to the entire Mazdayasnian Faith. And we worship all the sacred metres. 5. And we worship the entire bounteous Mathra, even the entire system of the Faith set up against the Daevas; and we worship its complete and long descent. And we sacrifice to all the holy Yazads, heavenly and earthly; and we worship all the good, heroic, and bountiful Fravashis of the saints. 6. And we worship all the holy creatures which Mazda created, and
which possess the holy institutions, which were established holy in
their nature, which possess the holy lore, and the holy sacrifice, which
are holy, and for the holy, and to be worshipped by the holy. And we
worship all the five Gathas, the holy ones, and the entire Yasna [its
flow and its ebb, and the sounding (of its chants)]. 7. And we sacrifice
to all the Praises of the Yasna, and to all the words which Mazda spake,
which are the most fatal to evil thoughts, and words, and deeds; (8) and
which designate the evil thought, and word, and deed, and which then cut
down and fell every evil thought, and word, and deed. [(Pazand.) One
would think of it as when the fire cuts, sucks out, and consumes the dry
wood which has been sanctified and carefully selected (for its flame).]
And we sacrifice to the strength, the victory, the glory, and the speed
of all these words (as they go forth for their work). 9. And we
sacrifice to all the springs of water, and to the water-streams as well,
and to growing plants, and forest-trees, and to the entire land and
heaven, and to all the stars, and to the moon and sun, even to all the
lights without beginning (to their course). And we sacrifice to all
cattle, and to the aquatic beasts, and to the beasts that live on land,
and to all that strike the wing, and to the beasts that roam the plains,
and to those of cloven hoof. 10. And to all Thy good and holy female
(creatures) in the creation do we sacrifice, (O Thou who art) Ahura
Mazda the skillful maker! on account of which Thou hast made many things
and good things (in Thy world). And we sacrifice to those male creatures
in the creation which are Thine and which are meet for sacrifice because
of Asha Vahishta (of Righteousness the Best). And we sacrifice to all
the mountains brilliant with holiness, and to all the lakes which Mazda
created, and to all fires]. And we sacrifice to all the truthful and
correctly spoken words, (11) even those which have both rewards and
Piety within them. Yea, we worship (you) for protection and shielding,
for guarding and watching; and may ye be to me for preparation. 16. As thou dost desire, O holy (one)! so shalt thou be, holy shalt thou-cause (thy) soul to pass over the Chinvat Bridge; holy shalt thou come into Heaven. Thou shalt intone the Gatha Ushtavaiti, reciting the salvation hail. 17. We sacrifice to the active man, and to the man of good intent, for the hindrance of darkness, of wasting of the strength and life, and of distraction. And we sacrifice to health and healing, to progress and to growth, for the hindrance of impurity, and of the diseases of the skin. 18. And we sacrifice to the (Yasna's) ending words, to those which
end the Gathas. And we sacrifice to the bounteous Hymns themselves which
rule in the ritual course, the holy ones. 19-21. (See Y6.14-16.) 22. I praise, invoke, and I weave my song to the good, heroic,
bountiful Fravashis of the saints, to those of the house, and of the
village, the district and the province, and to those of the
Zarathushtrotemas. 23. And we sacrifice to the Fire, Ahura Mazda's son,
the holy ritual chief. 25. And we pray (again) for the Kine (once more) with these gifts and (ceremonial) actions which are the best. 26-28. (See Y8.5-7.) 29-31. (See Y60.11-13.) 72.(See Y61.) |